Showing posts with label Order of Adjectives. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Order of Adjectives. Show all posts

Tuesday, 28 January 2025

TEA & SWEET COOKIES AT HYDE PARK IN THE AFTERNOON

Today, The Winsors and The Grandma have been visiting Hyde Park, in Westminster. The park is in front of the hotel and they have been studying some English grammar with the Order of Adjectives, Saxon Genitive and Prepositions of Time before walking across it and taking some tea with some delicious sweet round Arabian cookies made by Osama Winsor.

Hyde Park is the historic urban park in Westminster. It is located in front of their hotel and they have decided to walk slowly and see all the details that this place offers carefully. It has been an interesting morning. They have been studying some English Grammar with the Adverbs of Manner and Saxon Genitive, and talking about how much information can give our surname about our past and our origins. Finally, they have been preparing some necessary things to spend this afternoon together sailing across the Thamesis river. They want to have fun.

More information: Saxon Genitive

More information: The Order of The Adjectives

Download Adjectives

More information: Prepositions of Time

Play Battleship

Hyde Park is a 140 ha, historic Grade I-listed urban park in Westminster, Greater London. A Royal Park, it is the largest of the parks and green spaces that form a chain from Kensington Palace through Kensington Gardens and Hyde Park, via Hyde Park Corner and Green Park, past Buckingham Palace to St James's Park. Hyde Park is divided by the Serpentine and the Long Water lakes.

The park was established by Henry VIII in 1536 when he took the land from Westminster Abbey and used it as a hunting ground

It opened to the public in 1637 and quickly became popular, particularly for May Day parades. Major improvements occurred in the early 18th century under the direction of Queen Caroline. The park also became a place for duels during this time, often involving members of the nobility.

In the 19th century, The Great Exhibition of 1851 was held in the park, for which The Crystal Palace, designed by Joseph Paxton, was erected.

Free speech and demonstrations have been a key feature of Hyde Park since the 19th century. Speakers' Corner has been established as a point of free speech and debate since 1872, while the Chartists, the Reform League, the suffragettes, and the Stop the War Coalition have all held protests there.

In the late 20th century, the park was known for holding large-scale free rock music concerts, featuring artists such as Bruce Springsteen, Pink Floyd, The Rolling Stones and Queen. Major events in the park have continued into the 21st century, such as Live 8 in 2005, and the annual Hyde Park Winter Wonderland from 2007.

The park's name comes from the Manor of Hyde, which was the northeast sub-division of the manor of Eia (the other two sub-divisions were Ebury and Neyte) and appears as such in the Domesday Book.

The name is believed to be of Saxon origin, and means a unit of land, the hide, that was appropriate for the support of a single family and dependents. Through the Middle Ages, it was property of Westminster Abbey, and the woods in the manor were used both for firewood and shelter for game.

The Wellington Arch was extensively restored by English Heritage between 1999 and 2001. It is now open to the public, who can see a view of the parks from its platforms above the porticoes.

More information: Royal Parks

The surname Foster is a variation of the name Forster, meaning one who works in the forest. It may also derive from the French forcetier, meaning maker of scissors.

The Foster surname is predominantly English, where it has been recorded in use from the 1100s onwards. Foster derives as an occupational surname from a number of sources. Firstly it comes from a forester, the name for a forest warden or gamekeeper. Secondly the surname Foster is believed to derive from the Old English Forseter (shearer), given to those who shear sheep and their descendants. Most rarely, Foster has been hypothesised to relate to a 'fosterer', someone who feeds and looks after children in place of their parents.

More information: Forebears


 It came to me that Hyde Park
has never belonged to London
–that it has always been, in spirit, 
a stretch of countryside;
and that it links the Londons 
of all periods together most magically
–by remaining forever unchanged at the heart 
of a ever-changing town.

Dodie Smith

Monday, 5 February 2024

LORENA, OUR INTELLIGENT YOUNG BRAZILIAN BEEKEEPER

Today, The Fosters and The Grandma have welcome a new member of the family,
Lorena Foster, a famous Brazilian beekeeper, who is going to join the family and enjoy their adventures together.

The family has been staying at the Cumberland Hotel. They have been practising some English grammar, studying The Articles and The Order of the Adjectives, and they have practised how to write good short definitions. 

Later, they have walked around Hyde Park to do some exercise.

The Grandma is tired and she doesn't like Mondays. After visiting the Royal Exchange and Saint Paul's Cathedral last weekend, she has decided to procrastinate and do some crosswords and wordsearch all the day.

More information: The Article

More information: The Order of The Adjectives

More information: The Hangman

Download Crosswords & Wordsearch

An adjective is a word that describes a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. Adjectives were considered one of the main parts of speech of the English language, although historically they were classed together with nouns.

Here are some examples:

-That's a funny idea. (attributive)

-That idea is funny. (predicative)

-Tell me something funny. (postpositive)

-The good, the bad, and the funny. (substantive)

More information: Download Adjectives

Adjective comes from Latin nōmen adjectīvum, a calque of Ancient Greek ἐπίθετον ὄνομα, romanized epítheton ónoma, literally additional noun (whence also English epithet).

In the grammatical tradition of Latin and Greek, because adjectives were inflected for gender, number, and case like nouns (a process called declension), they were considered a type of noun.

The words that are today typically called nouns were then called substantive nouns (nōmen substantīvum). The terms noun substantive and noun adjective were formerly used in English but are now obsolete.

In many languages, attributive adjectives usually occur in a specific order.

In general, the adjective order in English can be summarised as: opinion, size, shape, age, colour, origin, material, purpose.

More information: Password

Determiners and postdeterminers -articles, numerals, and other limiters- come before attributive adjectives in English. Although certain combinations of determiners can appear before a noun, they are far more circumscribed than adjectives in their use -typically, only a single determiner would appear before a noun or noun.

-Opinion. Limiter adjectives (e.g. a real hero, a perfect idiot) and adjectives of subjective measure (e.g. beautiful, interesting) or value (e.g. good, bad, costly).

-Size. Adjectives denoting physical size (e.g. tiny, big, extensive).

-Shape or physical quality. Adjectives describing more detailed physical attributes than overall size (e.g. round, sharp, swollen, thin).

-Age. Adjectives denoting age (e.g. young, old, new, ancient, six-year-old).

-Colour. Adjectives denoting colour or pattern (e.g. white, black, pale, spotted).

-Origin. Denominal adjectives denoting source (e.g. Japanese, volcanic, extraterrestrial).

-Material. Denominal adjectives denoting what something is made of (e.g., woollen, metallic, wooden).

-Qualifier/purpose. Final limiter, which sometimes forms part of the (compound) noun (e.g., rocking chair, hunting cabin, passenger car, book cover).

More information: Cambridge Dictionary


A man's character may be 
learned from the adjectives
which he habitually uses in conversation.

Mark Twain

Tuesday, 14 February 2023

THE ORDER OF ADJECTIVES, HOW TO DESCRIBE CORRECTLY

Today, The Grangers and The Grandma have been studying descriptions and the order of adjectives.

An adjective is a word that describes a noun or noun phrase. Its semantic role is to change information given by the noun. Adjectives were considered one of the main parts of speech of the English language, although historically they were classed together with nouns.

Here are some examples:

-That's a funny idea. (attributive)

-That idea is funny. (predicative)

-Tell me something funny. (postpositive)

-The good, the bad, and the funny. (substantive)

More information: Download Adjectives

Adjective comes from Latin nōmen adjectīvum, a calque of Ancient Greek ἐπίθετον ὄνομα, romanized epítheton ónoma, literally additional noun (whence also English epithet).

In the grammatical tradition of Latin and Greek, because adjectives were inflected for gender, number, and case like nouns (a process called declension), they were considered a type of noun.

The words that are today typically called nouns were then called substantive nouns (nōmen substantīvum). The terms noun substantive and noun adjective were formerly used in English but are now obsolete.

In many languages, attributive adjectives usually occur in a specific order.

In general, the adjective order in English can be summarised as: opinion, size, shape, age, colour, origin, material, purpose.

More information: Password

Determiners and postdeterminers -articles, numerals, and other limiters- come before attributive adjectives in English. Although certain combinations of determiners can appear before a noun, they are far more circumscribed than adjectives in their use -typically, only a single determiner would appear before a noun or noun.

-Opinion. Limiter adjectives (e.g. a real hero, a perfect idiot) and adjectives of subjective measure (e.g. beautiful, interesting) or value (e.g. good, bad, costly).

-Size. Adjectives denoting physical size (e.g. tiny, big, extensive).

-Shape or physical quality. Adjectives describing more detailed physical attributes than overall size (e.g. round, sharp, swollen, thin).

-Age. Adjectives denoting age (e.g. young, old, new, ancient, six-year-old).

-Colour. Adjectives denoting colour or pattern (e.g. white, black, pale, spotted).

-Origin. Denominal adjectives denoting source (e.g. Japanese, volcanic, extraterrestrial).

-Material. Denominal adjectives denoting what something is made of (e.g., woollen, metallic, wooden).

-Qualifier/purpose. Final limiter, which sometimes forms part of the (compound) noun (e.g., rocking chair, hunting cabin, passenger car, book cover).

More information: Cambridge Dictionary


A man's character may be learned from the adjectives
which he habitually uses in conversation.

Mark Twain

Monday, 14 November 2022

STRENGTHS, WEAKNESSES, OPPORTUNITIES & THREATS

Today, The Grandma has continued her English classes with The Bishops in Castelldefels.
 
First, they have welcome Pilar, a new member of the group. 
 
Later, they have practised the order of adjectives, and created a SWOT matrix, the strategic planning technique that talks about Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats.

More information: Order of Adjectives

SWOT analysis or SWOT matrix is a strategic planning technique used to help a person or organization identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to business competition or project planning.

This technique, which operates by peeling back layers of the company is designed for use in the preliminary stages of decision-making processes and can be used as a tool for evaluation of the strategic position of a city or organization. It is intended to specify the objectives of the business venture or project and identify the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieving those objectives.

Users of a SWOT analysis often ask and answer questions to generate meaningful information for each category to make the tool useful and identify their competitive advantage.

SWOT has been described as the tried-and-true tool of strategic analysis, but has also been criticized for its limitations.

SWOT assumes that strengths and weaknesses are frequently internally-related, while opportunities and threats commonly focus are due to the external environment.

The name is an acronym for the four parameters the technique examines:

-Strengths: characteristics of the business or project that give it an advantage over others.

-Weaknesses: characteristics of the business that place the business or project at a disadvantage relative to others.

-Opportunities: elements in the environment that the business or project could exploit to its advantage.

-Threats: elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business or project.

More information: Improving to Find New Chances

The degree to which the internal environment of the firm matches with the external environment is expressed by the concept of strategic fit. Identification of SWOTs is important because they can inform later steps in planning to achieve the objective.

First, decision-makers should consider whether the objective is attainable, given the SWOTs. If the objective is not attainable, they must select a different objective and repeat the process.

Some authors credit SWOT to Albert Humphrey, who led a convention at the Stanford Research Institute, now SRI International, in the 1960s and 1970s using data from Fortune 500 companies. However, Humphrey himself did not claim the creation of SWOT, and the origins remain obscure.

Internal factors are viewed as strengths or weaknesses depending upon their effect on the organization's objectives
.

What may represent strengths with respect to one objective may be weaknesses (distractions, competition) for another objective. The factors may include personnel, finance, manufacturing capabilities, and all of the marketing mix's 4Ps.

External factors include macroeconomics, technological change, legislation, and sociocultural changes, as well as changes in the marketplace. Results are often presented in the form of a matrix.

SWOT analysis is a method of categorization for which lists are compiled, uncritically and without prioritization, rather than seeking important factors to achieving objectives; weak opportunities may appear to balance strong threats.

The SWOT analysis has been used in community work as a tool to identify positive and negative factors within organizations, communities, and the broader society that promote or inhibit successful implementation of social services and social change efforts.

It is used as a preliminary resource, assessing strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in a community served by a nonprofit or community organization.

Although SWOT analysis is a part of the planning, it will not provide a strategic plan if used by itself, but a SWOT list can becomes a series of recommendations.

More information: Bigg Success (Part I)

Strengths and Weaknesses (internal factors within an organization):

-Human resources-staff, volunteers, board members, target population

-Physical resources-your location, building, equipment

-Financial-grants, funding agencies, other sources of income

-Activities and processes-programs you run, systems you employ

-Past experiences-building blocks for learning and success, your reputation in the community

Opportunities and Threats, external factors stemming from community or societal forces:

-Future trends in your field or the culture

-The economy—local, national, or international

-Funding sources—foundations, donors, legislatures

-Demographics—changes in the age, race, gender, culture of those you serve or in your area

-The physical environment —is your building in a growing part of town? Is the bus company cutting routes?

-Legislation—do new federal requirements make your job harder...or easier?

-Local, national, or international events

Although the SWOT analysis was originally designed as an organizational method for business and industries, it has been replicated in various community work as a tool for identifying external and internal support to combat internal and external opposition.

The SWOT analysis is necessary to provide direction to the next stages of the change process. It has been used by community organizers and community members to further social justice in the context of Social Work practice.

More information: Bigg Success (Part II)
 
 
 
 A SWOT analysis involves asking,
What are our strengths and weaknesses?
What are our opportunities? What are the threats?

Amanda Lang

Wednesday, 23 September 2020

MIREIA STONE, MISSING ALONG THE MERSEY RIVER

The River Mersey is a river in the North West of England. Its name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon language and translates as boundary river.
 
The river may have been the border between the ancient kingdoms of Mercia and Northumbria, and for centuries it formed part of the boundary between the historic counties of Lancashire and Cheshire. The start of the Mersey is at the confluence of the River Tame and River Goyt in Stockport. It flows westwards through the suburban areas of south Manchester, then into the Manchester Ship Canal at Irlam, becoming a part of the canal and maintaining the canal's water levels.

After 6.4 km the river exits the canal, flowing towards Warrington where the river widens. It then narrows as it passes between the towns of Runcorn and Widnes. From Runcorn the river widens into a large estuary, which is 4.8 km across at its widest point near Ellesmere Port.

The course of the river then turns north as the estuary narrows between Liverpool and Birkenhead on the Wirral Peninsula to the west, and empties into Liverpool Bay. In total, the river flows 113 km.

More information: Mersey Ferries

A railway tunnel between Birkenhead and Liverpool as part of the Mersey Railway opened in 1886. Two road tunnels pass under the estuary from Liverpool: the Queensway Tunnel opened in 1934 connecting the city to Birkenhead, and the Kingsway Tunnel, opened in 1971, to Wallasey.

A road bridge, completed in 1961 and later named the Silver Jubilee Bridge, crosses between Runcorn and Widnes, adjacent to the Runcorn Railway Bridge which opened in 1868.

A second road bridge, the Mersey Gateway, opened in October 2017, carrying a six-lane road connecting Runcorn's Central Expressway with Speke Road and Queensway in Widnes.

The Mersey Ferry operates between Pier Head in Liverpool and Woodside in Birkenhead and Seacombe, and has become a tourist attraction, offering cruises that provide an overview of the river and surrounding areas.

Water quality in the Mersey was severely affected by industrialization, and in 1985, the Mersey Basin Campaign was established to improve water quality and encourage waterside regeneration.

In 2009, it was announced that the river is cleaner than at any time since the industrial revolution and is now considered one of the cleanest in the UK. The Mersey Valley Countryside Warden Service manages local nature reserves such as Chorlton Ees and Sale Water Park. The river gave its name to Merseybeat, developed by bands from Liverpool, notably the Beatles.

In 1965, it was the subject of the top-ten hit single Ferry Cross the Mersey by Gerry and the Pacemakers.

Its name is derived from the Anglo-Saxon mǣres, of a boundary and ēa, a river.

The Mersey was possibly the border river between Mercia and Northumbria. Its Welsh name is either Afon Mersi in essence a respelling of the name Mersey or Afon Merswy, apparently no older than the nineteenth century, with the suffix wy replacing the final syllable of the name, thought at the time to mean water; river and appropriate for forming river names.

Today, The Stones have sailed along the Mersey River. Before sailing along the river, the family had been studying some English grammar. They have revised Comparatives of Equality and the Order of Adjectives.

While they were contemplating the amazing, wonderful views, the boat has suffered a terrible accident, and it has sunk. All the members of the family has arrived swimming to the shore. All except Mireia Stone who is missing. The family has phoned the police, and they have started a great campaign in social networks asking for help and support.

More information: Comparative Equality Adjectives & Order of Adjectives

People they rush everywhere
Each with their own secret care
So ferry 'cross the Mersey
And always take me there
The place I love...

Gerry & The Peacemakers

Thursday, 5 March 2020

THE STONES TRAVEL TO ITHACA ISLAND, ULYSSES'S HOME

Brauny Stone has suggested to travel to Ithaca
Today, The Stones have decided to travel to Ithaca, the Greek island located in the Ionian Sea, well-known by being the hometown of Ulysses.

After some discussions with Brauny, the family has chosen this wonderful place to spend some days. They want to relax and discover the amazing history of this island, one of the most mystic of the Mediterranean Sea. Because it is their first travel together, The Grandma has decided to prepare the budget and the activities planning to avoid they have too much work and they have enough time to prepare their suitcases and be ready to take their plane tomorrow afternoon. She has also gone to El Prat International Airport to prepare her private jet.

Before talking about this travel, The Stones have been talking about some aspects of English Grammar. They have studied the order of adjectives, the a/an article and the Saxon genitive. They have received great news when they have met Juan Stone, a new member of this great family.

More information: A/An Article

More information: Order of Adjectives I & II

More information: Saxon Genitive


Ithaca, Ithaki or Ithaka, in Greek Ιθάκη, Ithakē, is a Greek island located in the Ionian Sea, off the northeast coast of Kefalonia and to the west of continental Greece.

Ithaca's main island has an area of 96 square kilometres and had a population in 2011 of 3,231. It is the second-smallest of seven main Ionian Islands, after Paxi. Ithaca is a separate regional unit of the Ionian Islands region, and the only municipality of the regional unit. The capital is Vathy or Vathi.

Modern Ithaca is generally identified with Homer's Ithaca, the home of Odysseus, whose delayed return to the island is the plot of the classical Greek tale the Odyssey.

More information: Ithaca

Although the name Ithaca has remained unchanged since ancient times, written documents of different periods also refer to the island by other names, such as:

-Val di Compare (Valley of the Bestman), Piccola (Small) Cephallonia, Anticephallonia (Middle Ages until the beginning of the Venetian period)

-Ithaki nisos (Greek for island), Thrakoniso, Thakou, Thiakou (Byzantine period)

-Thiaki (Byzantine and before the Venetian period)

-Teaki (Venetian period)

-Fiaki (Ottoman period)


The island has been inhabited since the 2nd millennium BC. It may have been the capital of Cephalonia during the Mycenaean period and the capital-state of the small kingdom ruled by Odysseus

The Grandma checks her private plane
The Romans occupied the island in the 2nd century BC, and later it became part of the Byzantine Empire. The Normans ruled Ithaca in the 13th century, and after a short Turkish rule it fell into Venetian hands, Ionian Islands under Venetian rule.

Ithaca was subsequently occupied by France under the 1797 Treaty of Campo Formio. It was liberated by a joint Russo-Turkish force commanded by admirals Fyodor Ushakov and Kadir Bey in 1798 and subsequently became a part of the Septinsular Republic, which was originally established as a protectorate of the Russian Empire and Ottoman Empire. It became a French possession again in 1807, until it was taken over by the United Kingdom in 1809.

Under the 1815 Treaty of Paris, Ithaca became a state of the United States of the Ionian Islands, a protectorate of the British Empire. In 1830 the local community requested to join with the rest of the newly restored nation-state of Greece. Under the 1864 Treaty of London, Ithaca, along with the remaining six Ionian islands, was ceded to Greece as a gesture of diplomatic friendship to Greece's new Anglophile king, George I. The United Kingdom kept its privileged use of the harbour at Corfu.

More information: Suitcase

The origins of the first people to inhabit the island, which occurred during the last years of the Neolithic period (4000–3000 BC), are not clear. The traces of buildings, walls and a road from this time period prove that life existed and continued to do so during the Early Hellenic era (3000–2000 BC). In the years (2000–1500 BC) some of the population migrated to part of the island. The buildings and walls that were excavated showed the lifestyle of this period had remained primitive.

During the Mycenaean period (1600–1100 BC), Ithaca rose to the highest level of its ancient history. Mostly based on the Odyssey and oral traditions, it is believed that the island became the capital of the Ionian Kingdom-State, which included the surrounding lands, and was referred to as one of the most powerful states of that time. The Ithacans were characterized as great navigators and explorers with daring expeditions reaching further than the Mediterranean Sea.

The epic poems of Homer, the Iliad and the Odyssey, shed some light on Bronze-Age Ithaca. Those poems are generally thought to have been composed sometime in the 9th or 8th centuries BC, but may have made use of older mythological and poetic traditions; their depiction of the hero Odysseus and his rule over Ithaca and the surrounding islands and mainland preserves some memories of the political geography, customs, and society of the time.

Ithaca, Ionian Sea, Greece
After the end of the Mycenaean period Ithaca's influence diminished, and it came under the jurisdiction of the nearest large island.

During the ancient Hellenic prime (800–180 BC), independent organized life continued in the northern and southern part of the island. In the southern part, in the area of Aetos, the town Alalcomenae was founded. From this period, many objects of important historical value have been found during excavations. Among these objects are coins imprinted with the name Ithaca and the image of Odysseus which suggest that the island was self-governed.

According to the different periods, conquerors and circumstances, the population of the island kept changing. Although there is no definite numerical information until the Venetian period, it is believed that from the Mycenaean to the Byzantine period, the number of inhabitants was several thousand, who lived mainly in the northern part of Ithaca. During the Middle Ages, the population decreased due to the continuous invasions of pirates, forcing the people to establish settlements and live in the mountains.

In 1479, Ottoman forces reached the islands and many of the people fled from the island out of fear of the new Turkish settlers. Those that remained hid in the mountains to avoid the pirates who controlled the channel between Cephalonia and Ithaca and the bays of the island.

In the following five years, the Turks, Toques and Venetians laid claim to the islands diplomatically. Possession of the islands was finally taken by the Ottoman Empire from 1484 to 1499. During this period, the Venetians had strengthened into a major power with an organized fleet. The Venetians pursued their interest in the Ionian Islands, and in 1499 a war between the Venetians and the Turks began. The allied fleets of the Venetians and the Spanish besieged Ithaca, and the other islands.

More information: Visit Greece

The fleets prevailed, and from 1500 onwards the Venetians controlled the islands. According to a treaty of 1503, Ithaca, Cephalonia and Zakynthos would be ruled by the Venetians, and Lefkada by the Ottoman Empire. By then Ithaca was almost uninhabited, and the Venetians had to grant incentives to settlers from neighbouring islands and the mainland to repopulate it. During the next centuries, the island remained under Venetian control.

A few years after the French Revolution, the Ionian area came under the rule of the First French Republic (1797–1798), and the island became the honorary capital of the French département of Ithaque, comprising Cephalonia, Lefkada, and part of the mainland, the prefecture was at Argostoli on Kefalonia.

The population welcomed the French, who took care in the control of the administrative and judicial systems, but later the heavy taxation they demanded caused a feeling of indignation among the people. During this short historical period, the new ideas of system and social structure greatly influenced the inhabitants of the island.


At the end of 1798, the French were succeeded by Russia and Turkey (1798–1807), which were allies at that time. Corfu became the capital of the Ionian States, and the form of government was democratic, with a fourteen-member senate in which Ithaca had one representative.

The Ithacan fleet flourished when it was allowed to carry cargo up to the ports of the Black Sea.

Ithaca, Ionian Sea, Greece
In 1807, according to the Tilsit Treaty with Turkey, the Ionian Islands once again came under the French rule (1807–1809 AD). The French quickly began preparing to face the British fleet, which had become very powerful, by building a fort in Vathy.

In 1809 Great Britain mounted a blockade on the Ionian Islands as part of the war against Napoleon, and in September of that year they hoisted the British flag above the castle of Zakynthos. Cephalonia and Ithaca soon surrendered, and the British installed provisional governments. The treaty of Paris in 1815 recognised the United States of the Ionian Islands and decreed that it become a British protectorate. Colonel Charles Philippe de Bosset became provisional governor between 1810 and 1814.

A few years later resistance groups started to form. Although their energy in the early years was directed to supporting the Greeks in the revolution against the Turks, it soon started to turn towards the British. By 1848 the resistance movement was gaining strength and there were skirmishes with the British Army in Argostoli and Lixouri which led to some relaxation in the laws and to freedom of the press.

Union with Greece was now a declared aim, and by 1850 a growing restlessness resulted in even more skirmishes. Ithaca along with the other islands were transferred to Greece in 1864 as a gesture of goodwill when the British-backed Prince William of Denmark became King George the First of the Hellenes.

During the British protectorate period prominent citizens of Ithaki participated in the secret Philiki Etairia which was instrumental in organizing the Greek Revolution of 1821 against Turkish rule, and Greek fighters found refuge there. In addition, the participation of Ithacans during the siege of Messolongi and the naval battles against Ottoman ships at the Black Sea and the Danube was significant.

Ithaca was annexed to Greek Kingdom with the rest of the Ionian islands in 1864.

More information: Discover Greece

Ithaca lies east of the northeast coast of Cephalonia, from which it is separated by the Strait of Ithaca. The regional unit covers an area of 117.812 square kilometresand has approximately 100 kilometres of coastline. The main island stretches in the north-south direction, in length of 23 km and maximum width of 6 km. It consists of two parts, of about equal size, connected by the narrow isthmus of Aetos (Eagle), just 600 metres wide. The two parts enclose the bay of Molos, whose southern branch is the harbor of Vathy, the capital and largest settlement of the island. The second largest village is Stavros in the northern part.

Lazaretto Islet or Island of The Saviour guards the harbor. The church of The Saviour and the remains of an old gaol are located on the islet.

The capes in the island include Exogi, the westernmost, Melissa to the north, Mavronos, Agios Ilias, Schinous, Sarakiniko and Agios Ioannis, to the east, and Agiou Andreou, to the south. Bays include Afales Bay to the northwest, Frikes and Kioni Bays to the northeast, Molos Gulf to the east, and Ormos Gulf and Sarakiniko Bay to the southeast. The tallest mountain is Nirito in the northern part (806 m), followed by Merovigli (669 m) in the south.

Its largest towns are Vathy (pop. 1,920 in 2011), Perachori (343), Stavros (366), Platreithias (201), and Kioni (182). Ithaca is the only populated island in this island group.

More information: Greeka


As you set out for Ithaka
hope the voyage is a long one,
full of adventure, full of discovery.

Konstantinos Kavafis

Wednesday, 26 February 2020

THE WATSONS, A NEW FAMILY IN SANT BOI DE LLOBREGAT

The Grandma always returns to Sant Boi
Today, The Grandma has arrived to Sant Boi de Llobregat to start a new English course with a new family, The Watsons.

Sant Boi de Llobregat is a town of 82,142 inhabitants in the Barcelona province in Catalonia, located aside the Llobregat river.

Though the main business activity is centred in the trading and service sector, Sant Boi also has a remarkable industrial activity, especially for metallurgy; agriculture is stimulated by the fertile alluvial lands at the mouth of Llobregat river and a mild climate, producing a wide variety of vegetables like the famous Llobregat's delta artichokes.

The finding of archeological remains corresponding to Iberian colonies (VI-I bC) and the Romans (I-V aC) - a noteworthy Roman bath is located near the river -suggests that the origins of Sant Boi can be found in pre-Roman times.

Like most of the surrounding lands, from the 8th to the 11th century the town was controlled by the Moors, until their expulsion from Iberia during the Reconquista. The Moors called it Alcala, which means castle, due to the existence of a hillock from where the river and the valley were dominated.


During the Middle Ages the village was progressively populated, growing from the surroundings of the castle to adjacent zones. A baroque-style church was built during the 16th century. The growth kept on during the following centuries, giving rise to numerous Masies, typical Catalan agricultural housing, near the river and the most fertile lands. At the end of the 19th century Sant Boi was a village of nearly 5000 inhabitants, with an economy mainly based in agriculture.

At the beginnings of the 20th century the first industries flourished in Sant Boi, ranging from brick manufacture to metalwork. With the end of the Spanish Civil War in 1939 there is a massive inflow of immigration coming from diverse points of the Spanish geography. These flows of population consisted mainly in people from villages and small towns searching a job and career opportunities in the town of Barcelona, stimulated by the increasing demand of workmanship in the regrowth of the Catalan industry during the post-war period.

More information: Catalunya

The population rises from 10.000 people in 1940 to 65.000 in 1975. This period is characterized by the construction of complete quarters (Casablanca, Camps Blancs, Cooperativa) dedicated to housing for the immigration.

The Grandma with some nice old British friends
Nowadays Sant Boi is a town with more than 80,000 inhabitants, with well-established industrial and services sectors, and a healthy cultural and recreational offer. The town is divided into six districts: Ciutat Cooperativa-Molí Nou, Marianao-Can Paulet, Barri Centre, Vinyets-Molí Vell, Camps Blancs-Canons-Orioles and Casablanca.

It borders to the north with the towns of Santa Coloma de Cervelló, Sant Joan Despí and the village of Sant Climent de Llobregat, to the east with the town of Cornellà de Llobregat, to the west with Viladecans and to the south with El Prat de Llobregat, having a narrow land extension to the south that enters into the Mediterranean Sea.

More information: Fem Turisme

The Watsons are a family integrated by twelve nice young European women who want to improve their English and who have worked very hard on their first day.

It is always a great pleasure to return to Sant Boi where The Grandma has wonderful old friends. She has met MJ again and they have been talking about this new course.

After introductions, The Grandma has started to talk about the course and The Watsons have studied the Imperative, how to convert Infinitives to Nouns (Gerunds) and the article A/An. They have also studied which is the correct order of the adjectives in English.

They have created some profiles and they have written a password game to play during the next days. Finally, after a little listening about the origin of the name of Sant Boi and the importance of the Roman baths, they have played with the bomb, one of The Grandma's favourite games.

It has been a nice wonderful short day!

More information: Imperative I, II, III & IV

More information: Gerunds as Nouns

More information: A/An Article

More information: Order of Adjectives I & II


Roman civilization had achieved,
within the bounds of its technology,
relatively as great a mastery of time
and space as we have achieved today.

Arthur Erickson