Today, The Grandma has received wonderfulnews from The Weasleys,and she has alsoremembered TheGrangers. They have beentwounforgettable and wonderful families thatthey are going tolive in her memory forever.
Congratulations Weasleys!
CongratulationsGrangers!
You are our Little Hercules.
Hercules is the Roman equivalent of the Greek divine hero Heracles, son of Jupiter and the mortal Alcmena. In classical mythology, Hercules is famous for his strength and for his numerous far-ranging adventures. The Romans adapted the Greek hero's iconography and myths for their literature and art under the name Hercules. In later Western art and literature and in popular culture, Hercules is more commonly used than Heracles as the name of the hero.
So you cannot lift a spirit that has turned to lead Or shine a light in shadow when the batteries are dead Or fly like a bird over all the works of man Or always think of the perfect words but you do the best you can
Nothing seems as easy as it did when you were young Myths may be invincible, but we are only strong Strong like a memory, strong like a willow in the wind Strong as you'll ever be, you will always need to bend
And if you feel the weight of the world Put your mind at ease little Hercules
There are times when being a grown-up gets to be too much And your sense of humor seems to vanish in the crush Of the daily nine to nine that keeps your family alive You're just putting in your time does anyone really go home at five? You've made a life where no one ever tells you what to do Now the only tyrant that you're working for is you It's never easy to keep all the promises you make But no one's gonna get you fired if you'd just give yourself a brake
And if you feel the weight of the world Put your mind at ease little Hercules 'Cause there's so much on your shoulders But you know it's a breeze little Hercules
So you cannot lift a spirit that has turned to lead Or shine a light in shadow when the batteries are dead
And if you feel the weight of the world Put your mind at ease little Hercules 'Cause there's so much on your shoulders But you know it's a breeze little Hercules And when you feel the weight of the world Put your mind at ease little Hercules, little Hercules
Little Hercules Little Hercules Little Hercules
Enthusiasm is the mother of effort, and without it nothing great was ever achieved.
Today, The Grangers & The Grandma have started a new adventure with a new family, The Weasleys. They are going to stay together during some months studying English, and preparing their next B1 Cambridge Exam.
They have decided to travel to London to improve their English, and The Grandma has been reading about TheGlobeTheatre, the theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare that was built on a day like today in 1599.
Welcome to our new members of this new family. We hope you enjoy your staying with us.
The Globe Theatre was a theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare.
It was built in 1599 by Shakespeare's playing company,
the Lord Chamberlain's Men, on land owned by Thomas Brend and inherited
by his son, Nicholas Brend and grandson Sir Matthew Brend, and was
destroyed by fire on 29 June 1613.
A second Globe Theatre was built on the same site by June 1614 and closed by an Ordinance issued on 6 September 1642.
A modern reconstruction of the Globe, named Shakespeare's Globe, opened in 1997 approximately 230 m from the site of the original theatre. From 1909, the current Gielgud Theatre was called Globe Theatre, until it was renamed, in honour of John Gielgud, in 1994.
Examination of old property records has identified the plot of land occupied by the Globe
as extending from the west side of modern-day Southwark Bridge Road
eastwards as far as Porter Street and from Park Street southwards as far
as the back of Gatehouse Square.
However,
the precise location of the building remained unknown until a small
part of the foundations, including one original pier base, was
discovered in 1989 by the Department of Greater London Archaeology, now
Museum of London Archaeology, beneath the car park at the rear of Anchor
Terrace on Park Street. The shape of the foundations is now replicated
on the surface. As the majority of the foundations lies beneath 67-70
Anchor Terrace, a listed building, no further excavations have been
permitted.
The Globe was owned by actors who were also shareholders in the Lord Chamberlain's Men.
Two of the six Globe
shareholders, Richard Burbage and his brother Cuthbert Burbage, owned
double shares of the whole, or 25% each; the other four men,
Shakespeare, John Heminges, Augustine Phillips, and Thomas Pope, owned a
single share, or 12.5%.
Originally
William Kempe was intended to be the seventh partner, but he sold out
his share to the four minority sharers, leaving them with more than the
originally planned 10%. These initial proportions changed over time as
new sharers were added. Shakespeare's share diminished from 1/8 to 1/14,
or roughly 7%, over the course of his career.
The Globe was built in 1599 using timber from an earlier theatre, TheTheatre,
which had been built by Richard Burbage's father, James Burbage, in
Shoreditch in 1576. The Burbages originally had a 21-year lease of the
site on which the theatre was built, but owned the building outright.
However, the landlord, Giles Allen, claimed that the building had become
his with the expiry of the lease.
On
28 December 1598, while Allen was celebrating Christmas at his country
home, carpenter Peter Street, supported by the players and their
friends, dismantled The Theatre beam by beam and transported it to
Street's waterfront warehouse near Bridewell. With the onset of more
favourable weather in the following spring, the material was ferried
over the Thames to reconstruct it as The Globe on some marshy gardens to the south of Maiden Lane, Southwark.
While only a hundred yards from the congested shore of the Thames,
the piece of land was situated close by an area of farmland and open
fields. It was poorly drained and, notwithstanding its distance from the
river, was liable to flooding at times of particularly high tide; a wharf, a bank, of raised earth with timber revetments had to be created to carry the building above the flood level.
The new theatre was larger than the building it replaced, with the older timbers being reused as part of the new structure; the Globe was not merely the old Theatre newly set up at Bankside.
It was probably completed by the summer of 1599, possibly in time for the opening production of Henry V and its famous reference to the performance crammed within a wooden O.
Dover Wilson, however, defers the opening date until September 1599, taking the wooden O reference to be disparaging and thus unlikely to be used in theGlobe's inaugural staging. He suggests that a Swiss tourist's account of a performance of Julius Caesar witnessed on 21 September 1599 describes the more likely first production.
The first performance for which a firm record remains was Jonson's Every Man out of His Humour -with its first scene welcoming the gracious and kind spectators- at the end of the year.
On 29 June 1613, the Globe Theatre went up in flames during a performance of Henry VIII.
A theatrical cannon, set off during the performance, misfired, igniting
the wooden beams and thatching. According to one of the few surviving
documents of the event, no one was hurt except a man whose burning
breeches were put out with a bottle of ale. It was rebuilt in the
following year.
Like all the other theatres in London, the Globe was closed down by thePuritans in 1642.
It was pulled down in 1644-45; the commonly cited document dating the
act to 15 April 1644 has been identified as a probable forgery -to make
room for tenements.
A modern reconstruction of the theatre, named Shakespeare's Globe, opened in 1997, with a production of Henry V.
It is an academic approximation of the original design, based on
available evidence of the 1599 and 1614 buildings, and is located
approximately 230 m from the site of the original theatre.
The Globe's actual dimensions are unknown,
but its shape and size can be approximated from scholarly inquiry over
the last two centuries. The evidence suggests that it was a
three-storey, open-air amphitheatre approximately 30 m in diameter that
could house up to 3,000 spectators.
The Globe
is shown as round in Wenceslas Hollar's sketch of the building, later
incorporated into his etched Long View of London from Bankside in 1647.
However, in 1988–89, the uncovering of a small part of the Globe's foundation suggested that it was a polygon of 20 sides.
At
the base of the stage, there was an area called the pit, (or, harking
back to the old inn-yards, yard) where, for a penny, people (the groundlings) would stand on the rush-strewn earthen floor to watch the performance.
During the excavation of the Globe
in 1989 a layer of nutshells was found, pressed into the dirt flooring
to form a new surface layer. Vertically around the yard were three
levels of stadium-style seats, which were more expensive than standing
room. A rectangular stage platform, also known as an apron stage, thrust
out into the middle of the open-air yard.
The
stage measured approximately 13.1 m in width, 8.2 m in depth and was
raised about 1.5 m off the ground. On this stage, there was a trap door
for use by performers to enter from the cellarage area beneath the stage.
The
back wall of the stage had two or three doors on the main level, with a
curtained inner stage in the centre, although not all scholars agree
about the existence of this supposed inner below, and a balcony above it.
The doors entered into the tiring house,
a backstage area, where the actors dressed and awaited their entrances.
The floors above may have been used as storage for costumes and props
and management offices.
The balcony housed the musicians and could also be used for scenes requiring an upper space, such as the balcony scene in Romeo and Juliet. Rush matting covered the stage, although this may only have been used if the setting of the play demanded it.
Large
columns on either side of the stage supported a roof over the rear
portion of the stage. The ceiling under this roof was called the heavens,
and was painted with clouds and the sky. A trap door in the heavens
enabled performers to descend using some form of rope and harness. The
stage was set in the south-east corner of the building, to be in shade
during afternoon performances in summer.
The name of the Globe supposedly alludes to the Latin tag totus mundus agit histrionem, in turn derived from quod fere totus mundus exerceat histrionem -because all the world is a playground- from Petronius, which had wide circulation in England in the Burbages' time. Totus mundus agit histrionem was, according to this explanation, therefore adopted as the theatre's motto.
Another allusion, familiar to the contemporary theatre-goer, would have been to Teatrum Mundi, a meditation by the twelfth-century classicist and philosopher John of Salisbury, in his Policraticus,
book three. In either case, there would have been a familiar
understanding of the classical derivation without the adoption of a
formal motto.
It seems likely that the link between the supposed motto and the Globe was made only later, originating with the industrious early Shakespeare
biographer William Oldys, who claimed as his source a private
manuscript to which he once had access. This was repeated in good faith
by his literary executor George Steevens, but the tale is now thought suspicious.
Today, The Grandma has been watching an 80's classic film, Eddie and the Cruisers, whosesoundtrack is a genuine masterpiece with great songs about NewYork City, the city that she visited with The Grangers and can't forget.
Eddie and the Cruisers is a 1983 American musical drama film directed by Martin Davidson with the screenplay written by the director and Arlene Davidson, based on the novel by P. F. Kluge. The sequel Eddie and the Cruisers II: Eddie Lives! followed in 1989.
A television reporter named Maggie Foley investigates the mysterious disappearance of cult rock star Eddie Wilson.
Flashbacks dramatize Eddie's life and the rise and fall of his rock and roll band, Eddie and the Cruisers. The band gets its start at a club in Somers Point, New Jersey named Tony Mart's. Not adept at writing lyrics, Eddie hires Frank Ridgeway aka Wordman to be the band's keyboard player and lyricist, over the protests of band manager Doc Robbins and bassist Sal Amato.
Rounding out the Cruisers are saxophonist Wendell Newton, background singer and Eddie's girlfriend Joann Carlino, and drummer Kenny Hopkins.
The band's first album, Tender Years, becomes a major hit, but recording their next album, A Season in Hell, turns out to be a nightmare. Inspired by the bleak, fatalistic poetry of Arthur Rimbaud, Eddie wants something far more ambitious than their previous pop songs and he pushes his bandmates beyond their limits, musically and personally.
Eddie wants to be great, but bassist Sal replies, We ain't great. We're just some guys from Jersey. Eddie makes it clear that if the band cannot be great, there is no reason to ever play music again.
A Season in Hell is rejected by Satin Records on the grounds that it is dark and strange. In the early morning hours, Eddie's car crashes through the railing and over the Stainton Memorial Causeway. Eddie vanishes without a trace, his body never found.
Vance asked Davidson to describe his fictitious band and their music. Initially, Davidson said that the Cruisers sounded like Dion and the Belmonts, but when they meet Frank, they have elements of Jim Morrison and The Doors.
However, Davidson did not want to lose sight of the fact that the Cruisers were essentially a Jersey bar band, and he thought of Bruce Springsteen and the E Street Band. The filmmaker told Vance to find him someone that could produce music that contained elements of these three bands.
Davidson was getting close to rehearsals when Vance called him and said that he had found the band -John Cafferty and the Beaver Brown Band from Providence, Rhode Island.
Hey little girl take me by the hand Walk with me down this boardwalk Once last time again I want to see those pretty pier lights I want to hear those carnival sounds I want to stop right at the top again When the ferris wheel goes round Well you say that I've been restless And you don't understand Tomorrow I'll be leavin' on that Morning train I gotta leave this candy apple town behind I gotta get out while I still can I'm going to New York City With this guitar in my hand I've been wishin on these stars too long I've been playin in these bars too long I've been hold up in your arms too long I've been a prisoner of my heart too long I'm goin' to New York City Gotta find out where I stand And I'll be walking down broadway With this guitar in my hand Well I sing for the tourists Bout a dream life on the water but when the dream it gets broken this life gets harder and harder I gotta leave this candy apple town behind I gotta get out while I still can I'm going to New York City With this guitar in my hand I've been wishin on these stars too long I've been playin in these bars too long I've been hold up in your arms too long I've been a prisoner of my heart too long I'm goin to New York City Gotta find out where I stand And I'll be walking down Broadway With this guitar in my hand
Today, The Grangers & TheGrandma are in Barcelona.
After some weeksenjoying New York City, the D-Day has arrived and TheGrangers have an interesting adventure to live: an A2Cambridge English Exam.
Good luck family!
You are the best!
You have already won this game.
Cambridge Assessment English or Cambridge English develops and produces Cambridge English Qualifications and the International English Language Testing System (IELTS).
The organisation contributed to the development of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages
(CEFR), the standard used around the world to benchmark language
skills, and its qualifications and tests are aligned with CEFR levels.
Cambridge Assessment English is part of Cambridge Assessment,
a non-teaching department of the University of Cambridge which merged
with Cambridge University Press to form Cambridge University Press &
Assessment in August 2021.
Each Cambridge English Qualifications focuses on a level of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR).
English
qualifications designed for adult learners. A2 Key, B1 Preliminary and
B2 First have the same exam format as the schools versions of these
qualifications, but use different topics and content suited to adult
learners.
In the 1980s Cambridge Assessment English, the British Council and IDP Education formed the international IELTS partnership which delivers the IELTS tests.
In 2010 Cambridge Assessment English
and the English Language Institute Testing and Certificate Division of
the University of Michigan agreed to form a not-for-profit collaboration
known as CaMLA (Cambridge Michigan Language Assessments). Cambridge Assessment English owns 65% of the venture.
Since 2011 Cambridge Exams Publishing, a partnership between CambridgeAssessment English
and the English Language Teaching (ELT) business of Cambridge
University Press, develops official Cambridge preparation materials for Cambridge English and IELTS exams.
In 2013 Cambridge Assessment English formed a joint venture with the Box Hill Institute to deliver the Occupational English Test, known as OET.
In 2019 Cambridge Assessment English
acquired English Language iTutoring (ELiT), an artificial intelligence
developed off technology from the University of Cambridge, to support
new English language assessment products.
Cambridge Assessment English was involved in the early development of the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) and all Cambridge English qualifications and tests are aligned with the levels described by the CEFR.
Each
Cambridge English Qualification targets specific CEFR levels but the
exam also contains test material at the adjacent levels. For example B2
First is aimed at B2, but there are also test items that cover B1 and
C1. This allows for inferences to be drawn about candidates’ abilities
if they are a level below or above the one targeted. Candidates are
encouraged to take the exam most suitable to their needs and level of
ability.
The
main influence behind the design of the exam was the
grammar-translation teaching approach, which aims to establish reading
knowledge, rather than ability to communicate in the language.
In
1913, the first requirement for CPE candidates was to translate texts.
Translation remained prominent in foreign language teaching up until the
1960s. It was a core part of CPE until 1975 and an optional part until
1989.
However, CPE was also influenced by Henry Sweet and his book published in 1900: A Practical Study of Languages: A Guide for Teachers and Learners, which argued that the most natural method of teaching languages was through conversation. Due to this influence, speaking was part of Cambridge English exams from the very beginning.
-1209. University of Cambridge founded.
-1534. Cambridge University Press founded.
-1858. University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES) founded.
-1913. Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE) introduced. Now known as C2 Proficiency.
-1939.
Lower Certificate in English (LCE) introduced. Renamed First
Certificate in English (FCE) in 1975 and now known as B2 First.
-1941. Joint agreement with the British Council-British Council centres established.
-1943-1947. Preliminary English Test (PET) introduced. It was reintroduced in 1980 and is now known as B1 Preliminary.
-1971. Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEFR) initiated.
-1988. The Royal Society of Arts (RSA) Examination Board becomes part of UCLES.
-1989. Specialist EFL research and evaluation unit established.
-1989. IELTS launched. A simplified and shortened version of ELTS launched in 1980.
-1990. Association of Language Testers in Europe (ALTE) founded.
-1991. Certificate in Advanced English (CAE) introduced. Now known as C1 Advanced.
-1993. Business English Certificates (BEC) launched.
-1994. Key English Test (KET) introduced. Now known as A2 Key.
-1995. University of Oxford Delegacy of Local Examinations (UODLE) becomes part of UCLES
-1997. Young Learner English Tests (YLE) introduced. Now known as Pre-A1 Starter, A1 Movers, and A2 Flyers.
-1997. BULATS launched.
-2001. CEFR published.
-2002. UCLES EFL renamed University of Cambridge ESOL Examinations (Cambridge ESOL).
-2002. One million Cambridge ESOL exam candidates.
-2010. CaMLA established (Cambridge Michigan Language Assessments).
-2011. Cambridge Exams Publishing joint venture with Cambridge University Press established.
-2013. Cambridge ESOL renamed Cambridge English Language Assessment.
-2015. Cambridge English Scale introduced.
-2016. Linguaskill reading and listening introduced.
-2016. Linguaskill writing introduced.
-2017. Cambridge English Language Assessment renamed Cambridge Assessment English.
-2020.
The University of Cambridge announces it plans to merge two of its
non-teaching departments, Cambridge Assessment and Cambridge University
Press.
-2021. Cambridge Assessment and Cambridge University Press merge to become Cambridge University Press & Assessment.
Cambridge is heaven, I am convinced it is the nicest place in the world to live. As you walk round, most people look incredibly bright, as if they are probably off to win a Nobel prize.
Today, The Grandma & The Grangers have been reading about one of the most important and older universities of the world, the University of Cambridge
The University of Cambridge, legal name The Chancellor, Masters, and Scholars of the University of Cambridge, is a collegiate research university in Cambridge, England.
Founded in 1209 and granted a royal charter by King Henry III in 1231, Cambridge is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and the world's fourth-oldest surviving university.
The
university grew out of an association of scholars who left the
University of Oxford after a dispute with the townspeople. The two
English ancient universities share many common features and are often
referred to jointly as Oxbridge.
Cambridge
is formed from a variety of institutions which include 31
semi-autonomous constituent colleges and over 150 academic departments, faculties and other institutions organised into six schools.
All
the colleges are self-governing institutions within the university,
each controlling its own membership and with its own internal structure
and activities.
All students are members of a college. Cambridge
does not have a main campus, and its colleges and central facilities
are scattered throughout the city. Undergraduate teaching at Cambridge
is organised around weekly small-group supervisions in the colleges –a
feature unique to the Oxbridge system. These are supported by classes,
lectures, seminars, laboratory work and occasionally further
supervisions provided by the central university faculties and
departments. Postgraduate teaching is provided predominantly centrally.
Cambridge University Press,
a department of the university, is the oldest university press in the
world and currently the second largest university press in the world.
Cambridge Assessment,
also a department of the university, is one of the world's leading
examining bodies and provides assessment to over eight million learners
globally every year.
The
university also operates eight cultural and scientific museums,
including the Fitzwilliam Museum, as well as a botanic garden.
Cambridge's libraries, of which there are 116, hold a total of around 16
million books, around nine million of which are in Cambridge University Library, a legal deposit library.
The
university is home to, but independent of, the Cambridge Union -the
world's oldest debating society. The university is closely linked to the
development of the high-tech business cluster known as Silicon Fen. It is the central member of Cambridge University Health Partners, an academic health science centre based around the Cambridge Biomedical Campus.
Cambridge
has educated many notable alumni, including eminent mathematicians,
scientists, politicians, lawyers, philosophers, writers, actors,
monarchs and other heads of state.
As
of October 2020, 121 Nobel laureates, 11 Fields Medalists, 7 Turing
Award winners and 14 British prime ministers have been affiliated with
Cambridge as students, alumni, faculty or research staff. University
alumni have won 194 Olympic medals.
By the late 12th century, the Cambridge
area already had a scholarly and ecclesiastical reputation, due to
monks from the nearby bishopric church of Ely. However, it was an
incident at Oxford which is most likely to have led to the establishment
of the university: three Oxford scholars were hanged by the town
authorities for the death of a woman, without consulting the
ecclesiastical authorities, who would normally take precedence and
pardon the scholars in such a case, but were at that time in conflict
with King John.
Fearing
more violence from the townsfolk, scholars from the University of
Oxford started to move away to cities such as Paris, Reading, and Cambridge.Subsequently, enough scholars remained in Cambridge to form the nucleus of a new university when it had become safe enough for academia to resume at Oxford.
In order to claim precedence, it is common for Cambridge to trace its founding to the 1231 charter from King Henry III granting it the right to discipline its own members (ius non-trahi extra) and an exemption from some taxes; Oxford was not granted similar rights until 1248.
A bull in 1233 from Pope Gregory IX gave graduates from Cambridge the right to teach everywhere in Christendom. After Cambridge
was described as a studium generale in a letter from Pope Nicholas IV
in 1290, and confirmed as such in a bull by Pope John XXII in 1318, it
became common for researchers from other European medieval universities
to visit Cambridge to study or to give lecture courses.
Today, The Grangers & The Grandma have said goodbye to New York City.
They havespentsome unforgettable and amazingmonths in the city that never sleeps, andthey are sure that they are going to returnvery soon, because they already have got AHeart in New York.
Thanks to New York City and the New Yorkers for these fantastic weeks together!
New York, New York is a 1977 American musical drama film directed by Martin Scorsese
and written by Mardik Martin and Earl Mac Rauch based on a story by
Rauch. It is a musical tribute, featuring new songs by John Kander and
Fred Ebb as well as jazz standards, to Scorsese's home town of New York
City, and stars Robert De Niro and Liza Minnelli as a pair of musicians and lovers.
The story is about a jazz saxophonist (De Niro) and a pop singer (Minnelli) who fall madly in love and marry; however, the saxophonist's
outrageously volatile personality places a continual strain on their
relationship, and after they have a baby, their marriage crumbles, even as their careers develop on separate paths. The film marked the final screen appearance of actor Jack Haley.
Theme from New York, New York or New York, New Yorkis the theme song from the Martin Scorsese film New York, New York (1977), composed by John Kander, with lyrics by Fred Ebb.
It was written for and performed in the film by Liza Minnelli. It remains one of the best-known songs about New York City.
Composer John Kander and Lyricist Fred Ebb stated on the A&E Biography episode about Liza Minnelli, that they attribute the song's success to actor Robert De Niro, who rejected their original theme for the film because he thought it was too weak. The song did not become a popular hit until it was picked up in concert by Frank Sinatra during his performances at Radio City Music Hall in October 1978.
In 1979, Theme from New York, New York was recorded by Frank Sinatra for his album Trilogy: Past Present Future
(1980), and became closely associated with him as one of his signature
songs. Don Costa received a Grammy nomination for the energetic
orchestration.
Sinatra occasionally performed the song live with Minnelli as a duet.
Sinatra recorded it a second time for his 1993 album Duets, with Tony Bennett.
Start spreading the news, I'm leaving today I want to be a part of it New York, New York
These vagabond shoes are longing to stray And step a round of heart of it New York, New York
I want to wake up in that city, that doesn't sleep To find I'm king of the hill Top of the heap My little town blues, Are melting away I'll make a brand new start of it In old New York If I can make it there, I'll make it anywhere It's up to you New York, New York New York, New York
I wanna wake up, in the city that doesn't sleep, To find I'm king of the hill, head of the list Cream of the crop at the top of the heap My little town blues are melting away I'll make a brand new start of it, in old New York If I can make it there, I'd make it anywhere Come on, come through New York, New York
Today, The Grangers & The Grandma have stayed at John F. Kennedy International Airport. They have finished their trip to New York City and they are going to return to Barcelona, where they are going to finish their preparation of their A2 Cambridge Exam.
During the fly, The Grangershavebeen improving their Listening skills.
John F. Kennedy International Airport is one of the three airports that you can find in New York and New Jersey.
John F. Kennedy International Airport (IATA: JFK, ICAO: KJFK, FAA LID: JFK), colloquially referred to as JFK Airport, Kennedy Airport, New York-JFK, or simply JFK, is the main international airport serving New York City.
The airport is the busiest of the six airports in the New York
airport system, the 13th-busiest airport in the United States, and the
busiest international air passenger gateway into North America. More
than ninety airlines operate from the airport, with nonstop or direct
flights to destinations in all six inhabited continents.
JFK is located in the Jamaica neighborhood of Queens, 26 km southeast of Midtown Manhattan.
The airport features six passenger terminals and four runways.
JFK is a hub for both American Airlines and Delta Air Lines, and it is the primary operating base for JetBlue. JFK was also formerly a hub for Pan Am, TWA, Eastern, National, Northwest, and Tower Air.
The facility opened in 1948 as New York International Airport and was commonly known as Idlewild Airport. Following U.S. President John F. Kennedy's assassination in 1963, the airport was renamed John F. Kennedy International Airport as a tribute to the 35th President.
John F. Kennedy International Airport was originally called Idlewild Airport (IATA: IDL, ICAO: KIDL, FAA LID: IDL) after the Idlewild Beach Golf Course that it displaced.
It was built to relieve LaGuardia Field, which had become overcrowded after its 1939 opening.
In late 1941, mayor Fiorello La Guardia announced that the city had tentatively chosen a large area of marshland on Jamaica Bay, which included the Idlewild Golf Course as well as a summer hotel and a landing strip called the JamaicaSea-Airport,
for a new airfield. Title to the land was conveyed to the city at the
end of December 1941. Construction began in 1943, though the airport's
final layout was not yet decided upon.
LaGuardia Airport (IATA: LGA, ICAO: KLGA, FAA LID: LGA) is a civil airport in East Elmhurst, Queens, New York City.
Covering 280 ha in its present form, the facility was established in 1929 and began operating as a public airport in 1939. It is named after former New York City Mayor Fiorello La Guardia.
The airport primarily accommodates airline service to domestic, and limited international, destinations.
As of 2019, it was the third-busiest airport in the New York metropolitan area behind John F. Kennedy and Newark airports, and the twenty-first busiest in the United States by passenger volume.
While
the airport is a hub for both American Airlines and Delta Air Lines,
commercial service is strictly governed by unique regulations including a
curfew, a slot system, and a perimeter rule prohibiting most nonstop flights to or from destinations greater than 2,400 km.
Throughout the 2000s and 2010s, LaGuardia
was notable for having obsolete and dirty facilities, inefficient air
operations, and poor customer service metrics.
Responding to these
criticisms, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey (PANYNJ) in
2015 announced a multibillion-dollar reconstruction of the airport's
passenger infrastructure, which is expected to be complete by 2025.
Prior
to human development, the coastlines of Bowery Bay and Flushing Bay
converged at a natural point that comprised the eventual northern
shoreline of Newtown, Queens.
By
1857 the area partially contained the estate of Benjamin Pike Jr.,
which was soon purchased and consolidated with other property by William
Steinway.
In
June 1886, Steinway opened a summer resort development known as Bowery
Bay Beach on the peninsula. Originally featuring a bathing pavilion,
beach, lawns, and boathouse, the resort was renamed North Beach and
later expanded with the addition of Gala Amusement Park.
By
the turn of the century, North Beach's German-influenced development
drew comparisons to Brooklyn's Coney Island. Its fortunes would soon
turn, however, as Prohibition in the United States and war-related
anti-German sentiment presented significant challenges to the resort's
profitability. These factors, combined with increased industrialization
and pollution of the Queens waterfront, made the area untenable as a
leisure destination, and it was abandoned at some point in the 1920s.
In
April 1929, New York Air Terminals, Inc. announced plans to open a
private seaplane base at North Beach later that summer. The 81 ha
facility was christened on June 15 and initially featured 0.81 ha
concrete plateau connected to the water by a 120 m amphibious aircraft
ramp, with the former resort converted to a passenger terminal.
Opening-day
festivities for the new airport were attended by a crowd of 5,000, and
included Air Races with Curtiss Seagulls and Sikorsky flying boats, a
dedication address by Borough President George U. Harvey, and the
commencement of airline service to Albany and Atlantic City by Coastal
Airways and Curtiss Flying Service.
One month later, service to Boston was launched using Savoia-Marchetti S.55 aircraft operated by Airvia.
Newark Liberty International Airport (IATA: EWR, ICAO: KEWR, FAA LID: EWR), originally Newark Metropolitan Airport and later Newark International Airport, is an international airport straddling the boundary between the cities of Newark in Essex County and Elizabeth in Union County, New Jersey.
It is jointly owned by the cities and leased to its operator, the Port Authority of New York and New Jersey.
The airport is located 4.8 km south of Downtown Newark and 14 km west-southwest of Manhattan in New York City.
It
is near the Newark Airport Interchange, the junction between Interstate
95 and Interstate 78 (both components of the New Jersey Turnpike), as
well as U.S. Routes 1 and 9, which has junctions with U.S. Route 22,
Route 81 and Route 21.
AirTrain
Newark connects the terminals with the Newark Liberty International
Airport Station. The station is served by NJ Transit's Northeast
Corridor Line and North Jersey Coast Line. Amtrak's Northeast Regional
and Keystone Service trains also stop at the Newark Liberty International Airport station.
The
City of Newark built the airport on 28 ha of marshland in 1928 and the
Army Air Corps operated the facility during World War II.
The
airport was constructed adjacent to Port Newark. After the Port
Authority took it over in 1948, an instrument runway, a terminal
building, a control tower and an air cargo center were added. The airport's Building 51 from 1935 is a National Historic Landmark.
Newark is one of three major airports serving the New York metropolitan area;
the others are John F. Kennedy International Airport and LaGuardia
Airport, which are also operated by the Port Authority. The airport
handles almost as many flights as JFK, despite being 40 percent of JFK's
land size.
There are those airports which make you feel better, and there are those airports that, when you go there, your heart sinks: you can't wait to get out of there. They both function as airports, but it's the things that you can't measure that make them different.
Today, The Grandma has been enjoying Central Park,the urban park in Manhattan, New York City,that comprises 341 ha between the Upper West Side and Upper East Side.
Meanwhile, The Grangershavebeenpreparing their Cambridge Exam.
Central Park is an urban park inManhattan, New York City.
It comprises 341 ha between the Upper West Side and Upper East Side,
roughly bounded by Fifth Avenue on the east, Central Park West (Eighth
Avenue) on the west, Central Park South (59th Street) on the south, and
Central Park North (110th Street) on the north. Central Park is the most
visited urban park in the United States, with 40 million visitors in
2013, and one of the most filmed locations in the world.
The park was established in 1857 on 315 ha of land acquired by the city. In 1858, landscape architect Frederick Law Olmsted and architect/landscape designer Calvert Vaux won a design competition to improve and expand the park with a plan they titled the Greensward Plan.
Construction
began the same year, and the park's first area was opened to the public
in the winter of 1858. Construction north of the park continued during
the American Civil War in the 1860s, and the park was expanded to its current size in 1873.
After a
period of decline in the early 20th century, Robert Moses started a
program to clean up Central Park. Another decline in the late 20th
century spurred the creation of the Central Park Conservancy in 1980,
which refurbished many parts of the park during the 1980s and 1990s.
Central Park was designated a National Historic Landmark by the U.S. Department of the Interior in 1962, which in April 2017 placed it on the tentative list for UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
The park,
managed for decades by the New York City Department of Parks and
Recreation, is currently managed by the Central Park Conservancy under
contract with the municipal government in a public-private partnership.
The Conservancy is a non-profit organization that contributes 75 percent
of Central Park's $65 million annual budget and is responsible for all
basic care of the 341 ha park.
The Upper West Side (UWS) is a neighbourhood inthe borough of Manhattan in New York City.
It
is bounded by Central Park on the east, the Hudson River on the west,
West 59th Street to the south, and West 110th Street to the north. The Upper West Side
is adjacent to the neighbourhoods of Hell's Kitchen to the south,
Columbus Circle to the southeast, and Morningside Heights to the north.
Like the Upper East Side opposite Central Park, the Upper West Side
is an affluent, primarily residential area with many of its residents
working in commercial areas of Midtown and Lower Manhattan. Similarly to
the Museum Mile district on the Upper East Side, the Upper West Side is considered one of Manhattan's cultural and intellectual hubs,
with Columbia University and Barnard College located just to the north
of the neighbourhood, the American Museum of Natural History located
near its center, and Lincoln Center for the Performing Arts and Fiorello
H. LaGuardia High School located at the south end.
The Upper West Side
is bounded on the south by 59th Street, Central Park to the east, the
Hudson River to the west, and 110th Street to the north. The area north
of West 96th Street and east of Broadway is also identified as Manhattan
Valley. The overlapping area west of Amsterdam Avenue to Riverside Park
was once known as the Bloomingdale District.
From west to east, the avenues of the Upper West Side
are Riverside Drive, West End Avenue (11th Avenue), Broadway, Amsterdam
Avenue (10th Avenue), Columbus Avenue (9th Avenue), and Central Park
West (8th Avenue). The 66-block stretch of Broadway forms the spine of
the neighborhood and runs diagonally north–south across the other
avenues at the south end of the neighborhood; above 78th Street Broadway
runs north parallel to the other avenues.
Broadway
enters the neighbourhood at its juncture with Central Park West at
Columbus Circle (59th Street), crosses Columbus Avenue at Lincoln Square
(65th Street), Amsterdam Avenue at Verdi Square (71st Street), and then
merges with West End Avenue at Straus Park (aka Bloomingdale Square, at
107th Street).
Traditionally
the neighbourhood ranged from the former village of Harsenville,
centered on the old Bloomingdale Road (now Broadway) and 65th Street,
west to the railroad yards along the Hudson, then north to 110th Street,
where the ground rises to Morningside Heights. With the construction of
Lincoln Center, its name, though perhaps not the reality, was stretched
south to 58th Street.
With
the arrival of the corporate headquarters and expensive condos of the
Time Warner Center at Columbus Circle, and the Riverside South apartment
complex built by Donald Trump, the area from 58th Street to 65th Street
is increasingly referred to as Lincoln Square by realtors who
acknowledge a different tone and ambiance than that typically associated
with the Upper West Side. This is a reversion to the neighbourhood's historical name.
The long high bluff above useful sandy coves along the North River was little used or traversed by the Lenape people.
A combination of the stream valleys, such as that in which 96th Street
runs, and wetlands to the northeast and east, may have protected a
portion of the Upper West Side from the Lenape's controlled
burns; lack of periodic ground fires results in a denser understory and
more fire-intolerant trees, such as American Beech.
In the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, the Upper West Side-to-be contained some of colonial New York's most ambitious houses,
spaced along Bloomingdale Road. It became increasingly infilled with
smaller, more suburban villas in the first half of the nineteenth
century, and in the middle of the century, parts had become decidedly
lower class.
In the 1900s, the area south of 67th Street was heavily populated by African-Americans and supposedly gained its nickname of San Juan Hill
in commemoration of African-American soldiers who were a major part of
Theodore Roosevelt's assault on Cuba's San Juan Hill in the
Spanish-American War.
By
1960, it was a rough neighbourhood of tenement housing, the demolition
of which was delayed to allow for exterior shots in the film musical West Side Story.
Thereafter, urban renewal brought the construction of the Lincoln
Center for the Performing Arts and Lincoln Towers apartments during
1962–1968.
The Upper West Side is a significant Jewish neighbourhood,
populated with both German Jews who moved in at the turn of last
century, and Jewish refugees escaping Hitler's Europe in the 1930s.
Today the area between 85th Street and 100th Street is home to the
largest community of young Modern Orthodox singles outside of Israel.
However, the Upper West Side also features a substantial number
of non-Orthodox Jews. A number of major synagogues are located in the
neighbourhood, including the oldest Jewish congregation in the United
States, Shearith Israel; New York's second-oldest and the third-oldest
Ashkenazi synagogue, B'nai Jeshurun; Rodeph Sholom; the Stephen Wise
Free Synagogue; and numerous others.
West Side Story is a 1961 American musical romantic drama film directed by Robert Wise and Jerome Robbins.
With
a screenplay by Ernest Lehman, the film is an adaptation of the 1957
Broadway musical of the same title, which in turn was inspired by
Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. It stars Natalie Wood,
Richard Beymer, Russ Tamblyn, Rita Moreno, and George Chakiris, and was
photographed by Daniel L. Fapp in Super Panavision 70. The music was
composed by Leonard Bernstein, with lyrics by Stephen Sondheim.
Released on October 18, 1961, through United Artists, the film received high praise from critics and viewers, and became the highest-grossing film of 1961. It was nominated for 11 Academy Awards and won 10,
including Best Picture (in addition to a special award for Robbins),
becoming the record holder for the most wins for a musical.
West Side Story is regarded as one of the greatest musical films of all time.
The film has been deemed culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant by the Library of Congress and was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry in 1997.
A second film adaptation of the same name by Steven Spielberg was released on December 10, 2021; it was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture and six other Oscar nominations, winning one Oscar for DeBose's performance.
It
stars Ansel Elgort as Tony, Rachel Zegler as Maria and Ariana DeBose as
Anita; Moreno returns as a new character, Valentina, who is Doc's
widow.
I was miserable in West Side Story. They really miscast me. I came from the Midwest; what they really needed was a guy that was street smart. The first time I saw the movie, I had to walk out. I looked like the biggest fruit that ever walked on to film. My character was so weak.
I'm Susi Granger. I'm a fisher, a person who fishes and sails across seas and oceans. I like sea and the sound of silence.
-Good morning, Susi Granger, and thanks to attend us.
-Good morning. It's a pleasure.
-How is life in the sea?
-Difficult. It is very difficult. I think that this age influenced me a lot and, perhaps, this is the main reason about my character and way of life.
-Why?
-Because sea is very beautiful and amazing, but also very dangerous.
-Do you miss it when you are on land?
-Yes, of course. Sea is like an addiction. You always want more and more.
-When did you decide to be a fisher?
-Since the moment I had enough conscience to realize how important nature is. I needed to feel freedom and being a fisher was a way to escape. Sea makes me happy and free.
-Sea is beautiful but very dangerous, isn't it?
-Nature is impossible to control even to predict. We can try to understand it but it isn't under our hands. It's powerful and dangerous but all has a meaning in it. This is dangerous but also wonderful. You must love it because if you love nature, you respect yourself as a part of it.
-Which is the worst danger?
-Believe that you are God and can control nature.
-How do you define yourself?
-I'm a person with an open mind who likes learning things and travelling around the world. We can learn a lot and offer our knowledge at the same time.
-Which is your favourite country?
-Sea, but you can find me in a the smallest island.
-Have you visited a lot of places, then?
-Yes. All of them are full of memories and it's impossible to only talk about one.
-Which is the most dangerous sea animal for you?
-Man
-Why?
-Because we don't respect aou enivronment and we live in a way that seems that we have another planet to go when we, finally, destroy this.
-Are you an adventurer?
-If you are a fisher, you must be an adventurer.
-How do you believe we can be better with the planet?
-It's difficult. We must be proactive citizens. We must protect our environment because we can not live without it. It is a paradox -we are destroying our habitat. We are the silliest species.
-How do you feel being a member of The Grangers?
-Very well. It's an incredible experience. They are funny and we can talk about whatever we want without any kind of censorship and this create an open environment of trust and freedom.
-How is a normal day with The Grangers?
-We haven't got similar days. Every day is different and this is something very important because it offers to you the possibility of living fantastic experiences every day and enjoy them with all your heart because you know that next day you're going to put the score to zero and we're going to start again. It's a non-stopping life.
-Which is your best memory with The Grangers?
-It’s difficult to choose only one but I remember our last trip to NYC. It was exciting.
-Which is your favourite colour?
-There’s a colour for every moment but if I had to choose one, perhaps blue, because is the sea colour.
-How long have you been studying English?
-English is the language of commerce and travel. You must know it.
-Is English difficult to learn?
-Not a lot.
-You travel a lot. Recommend me a country...
-It is not a country but a continent, the Antarctida.
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