Today, The Grangers and The Grandma have travelled from New York to AtlanticCity in New Jersey. Before this trip, they have studied the Future Simple,and Zero and FirstConditional clauses.
Finally, they have continuing reading Oscar Wilde's TheCanterville Ghost and they have predicted the future.
Atlantic City, often known by its initials A.C., is a coastal resort city in Atlantic County, New Jersey, known for its casinos, boardwalk, andbeaches.
In
2020, the city had a population of 38,497. It was incorporated on May
1, 1854, from portions of Egg Harbor Township and Galloway Township.
it
is located on Absecon Island and borders Absecon, Brigantine,
Pleasantville, Ventnor City, Egg Harbor Township, and the Atlantic
Ocean.
Atlantic City inspired the U.S. version of the board game Monopoly, especially the street names.
Since 1921, Atlantic City has been the home of the Miss America pageant.
In 1976, New Jersey voters legalized casino gambling in Atlantic City, and the first casino opened in 1978.
For
many years before the city was founded, the island site of the future
settlement was the summer home of the Lenape. While the precise date of
the first permanent occupation of what came to be Atlantic City
has not been precisely determined, it is commonly thought that in 1783
Jeremiah Leeds first built and occupied an all year home on the island.
However, it was not until 1850 that the idea arose to develop the
location into a resort town and in early 1853 the name Atlantic City was adopted.
The history of gambling in Atlantic City traces back to prohibition and the 1920s, with racketeer Louis Kuehnle running an underground hotel and casino. Enoch "Nucky" Johnson followed and furthered Atlantic City's rise through the Roaring Twenties as a destination for drinking, gambling, and nightlife.
In
1974, New Jersey voters voted 60%-40% against legalizing casino
gambling at four sites statewide, but two years later approved by
56%-44% a new referendum which legalized casinos, but restricted them to
Atlantic City.
Resorts Atlantic City was the first casino to open, in May 1978, with a ribbon-cutting ceremony featuring Governor of New Jersey Brendan Byrne.
Atlantic City is considered the Gambling Capital of the East Coast, and currently has nine large casinos.
In
2011, New Jersey's then 12 casinos employed approximately 33,000
employees, had 28.5 million visitors, made $3.3 billion in gaming
revenue, and paid $278 million in taxes. They are regulated by the New
Jersey Casino Control Commission and the New Jersey Division of Gaming
Enforcement.
In
the wake of the economic downturn following the Great Recession and the
legalization of gambling in adjacent and nearby states (including
Delaware, Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania), four casino closures
took place in 2014: the Atlantic Club on January 13; the Showboat on
August 31; the Revel, which was Atlantic City's second-newest casino, on
September 2; and Trump Plaza, which originally opened in 1984, and was
the poorest performing casino in the city, on September 16.
Executives
at Trump Entertainment Resorts, whose sole remaining property at the
time was the Trump Taj Mahal, said in 2013 that they were considering
the option of selling the Taj and winding down and exiting the gaming
and hotel business. Trump Taj Mahal closed October 10, 2016, after
failing to come to terms with union workers.
Caesars
Entertainment executives have been reconsidering the future of their
three remaining Atlantic City properties (Bally's, Caesars and
Harrah's), in the wake of a Chapter 11 bankruptcy filing by the
company's casino operating unit in January 2015.
In 2020, Bally's Atlantic City was acquired by Bally's Corporation.
Today, The Grangers & TheGrandma have visited the Yankees and the Metsstadiums. They like baseball a lot and they have spent a great day. Before this visit, they have been studying some Engl¡sh grammar. They have revised Should/Shouldn't.
Finally, they have continuing reading Oscar Wilde's TheCanterville Ghost.
The Yankees and Mets are the two major league clubs based in New York City.
The New York Yankees are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of the Bronx.
The Yankees compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member club of the American League (AL) East division.
They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City, the other being the National League's (NL) New York Mets.
The Yankees began play in the 1901 season as the Baltimore Orioles (no relation to the modern Baltimore Orioles).
In
1903, Frank Farrell and Bill Devery purchased the franchise after it
ceased operations and moved it to New York City, renaming the club the
New York Highlanders. The Highlanders were officially renamed the New York Yankees in 1913.
The
team is owned by Yankee Global Enterprises, an LLC that is controlled
by the family of the late George Steinbrenner, who purchased the team in
1973. Brian Cashman is the team's general manager, and Aaron Boone is
the team's field manager. The team's home games were played at the
original Yankee Stadium from 1923 to 1973 and from 1976 to 2008.
In 1974 and 1975, the Yankees shared Shea Stadium with the Mets, in addition to the New York Jets and the New York Giants.
In
2009, they moved into a new ballpark of the same name that was
constructed adjacent to the previous facility, which was closed and
demolished. The team is perennially among the leaders in MLB attendance.
Arguably the most successful professional sports team in the United States, the Yankees
have won 19 American League East Division titles, 40 American League
pennants, and 27 World Series championships, all of which are MLB
records.
The
team has won more titles than any other franchise in the four major
North American sports leagues, after briefly trailing the NHL's Montreal
Canadiens by one or two titles in the 1990s.
The Yankees
have had 44 players and 11 managers inducted into the National Baseball
Hall of Fame, including Babe Ruth, Lou Gehrig, Joe DiMaggio, Mickey
Mantle, Yogi Berra, Whitey Ford, Mariano Rivera, and Derek Jeter, with
Rivera and Jeter having the two highest vote percentages of all Hall of
Fame members.
According to Forbes, the Yankees
are the second-highest valued sports franchise in the United States and
the second in the world, with an estimated value of approximately $5
billion. The team has garnered enormous popularity and a dedicated
fanbase, as well as widespread enmity from fans of other MLB teams. The
team's rivalry with the Boston Red Sox is one of the most well-known
rivalries in North American sports.
From 1903 to 2021, the Yankees' overall win-loss record is 10,503-7.
The New York Mets are an American professional baseball team based in the New York City borough of Queens.
The Mets compete in Major League Baseball (MLB) as a member of the National League (NL) East division.
They are one of two major league clubs based in New York City, the other being the American League's (AL) New York Yankees.
One of baseball's first expansion teams, the Mets
were founded in 1962 to replace New York's departed NL teams, the
Brooklyn Dodgers and the New York Giants. The team's colors evoke the
blue of the Dodgers and the orange of the Giants.
For the 1962 and 1963 seasons, the Mets played home games at the Polo Grounds in Manhattan before moving to Queens. From 1964 to 2008, the Mets played their home games at Shea Stadium,
named after William Shea, the founder of the Continental League, a
proposed third major league, the announcement of which prompted their
admission as an NL expansion team.
Since 2009, the Mets have played their home games at Citi Field next to the site where Shea Stadium once stood.
In their inaugural season, the Mets
posted a record of 40-120, the worst regular-season record since MLB
went to a 162-game schedule. The team never finished better than
second-to-last in the 1960s until the Miracle Mets beat the Baltimore Orioles in the 1969 World Series, considered one of the biggest upsets in World Series history despite the Mets having won 100 games that season.
The Mets
have qualified for the postseason nine times, winning the World Series
twice (1969 and 1986) and winning five National League pennants (most
recently in 2000 and 2015).
Since 2020, the Mets have been owned by billionaire hedge fund manager Steve Cohen who purchased the team for $2.4 billion.
As of the end of the 2021 season, the team's overall win-loss record is 4,551-4,927.
Another day in New York and TheGrangers and The Grandma have continued their formation in English.
They have studied the Adverbs of Frequency, and they have been buying some properties for Perla, who is going to start a new project as a prospector working for Lady Gaga.
Finally, they have continuing reading Oscar Wilde's TheCanterville Ghost.
Monopoly is a multi-player economics-themed board game. In the game, players roll two dice to move around the game board, buying and trading properties, and developing them with houses and hotels. Players collect rent from their opponents, with the goal being to drive them into bankruptcy.
Money
can also be gained or lost through Chance and Community Chest cards,
and tax squares. Players receive a stipend every time they pass Go, and can end up in jail, from which they cannot move until they have met one of three conditions.
The game has numerous house rules, and hundreds of different editions exist, as well as many spin-offs and related media.
Monopoly has become a part of international popular culture, having been licensed locally in more than 103 countries and printed in more than 37 languages.
Monopoly is derived from The Landlord's Game created by Lizzie Magie in the United States in 1903
as a way to demonstrate that an economy that rewards individuals is
better than one where monopolies hold all the wealth, and to promote the
economic theories of Henry George -in particular his ideas about
taxation.
The Landlord's Game had two sets of rules originally, one with taxation and another on which the current rules are mainly based. When Monopoly was first published by Parker Brothers in 1935, it did not include the less capitalistic taxation rule, which resulted in a more aggressive game.
Parker Brothers
bought the game's copyrights from Darrow. When the company learned
Darrow was not the sole inventor of the game, it bought the rights to
Magie's patent for $500.
Parker Brothers began marketing the game on November 5, 1935.Cartoonist
F. O. Alexander contributed the design. U. S. patent number US 2026082 A
was issued to Charles Darrow on December 31, 1935, for the game board
design and was assigned to Parker Brothers Inc.
The original version of the game in this format was based on the streets of Atlantic City, New Jersey.
Parker Brothers was eventually absorbed into Hasbro in 1991. The game is named after the economic concept of monopoly -the domination of a market by a single entity.
The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) is anart museum located in MidtownManhattan, New York City, on 53rdStreet between Fifth and Sixth Avenues.
It plays a major role in developing and collecting modern art, and is often identified as one of the largest and most influential museums of modern art in the world.
MoMA's collection offers an overview of modern and contemporary art,including
works of architecture and design, drawing, painting, sculpture,
photography, prints, illustrated books and artist's books, film, and
electronic media.
The MoMA Library includes approximately
300,000 books and exhibition catalogs, more than 1,000 periodical
titles, and more than 40,000 files of ephemera about individual artists
and groups. The archives hold primary source material related to the
history of modern and contemporary art.
It attracted 706,060
visitors in 2020, a drop of sixty-five percent from 2019, due to the
COVID-19 pandemic. It ranked twenty-fifth on the list of most visited
art museums in the world in 2020.
The idea for the Museum of Modern Art was developed in 1929 primarily by Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, wife of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., and two of her friends, Lillie P. Bliss and Mary Quinn Sullivan.
They became known variously as the Ladies or the adamantine ladies.
They rented modest quarters for the new museum in the Heckscher
Building at 730 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, and it opened to the public
on November 7, 1929, nine days after the Wall Street Crash.
The Museum of Modern Art closed for another round of major renovations from June to October 2019.
Upon reopening on October 21, 2019, MoMA added 4,400 m2 of gallery space, and its total floor area was 65,800 m2.
The expansion and refurbishment was overseen by the architectural firm of Diller Scofidio+Renfro.
The institution began offering free online classes in April 2014.
CSI: NY (Crime Scene Investigation: New York) isan American police procedural television series that ran on CBS from September 22, 2004, to February 22, 2013, for a total of nine seasons and 197 original episodes.
The show follows the investigations of a team of NYPD forensic scientists and police officers identified as Crime Scene Investigators, instead of the actual title of Crime Scene Unit Forensic Technicians (CSU)) as they unveil the circumstances behind mysterious and unusual deaths, as well as other crimes.
The
series is an indirect spin-off from the veteran series CSI: Crime Scene
Investigation and a direct spin-off from CSI: Miami, during an episode
in which several of the CSI: NY characters made their first appearances. It is the third series in the CSI franchise.
Originally in 2004, CSI: NY
was produced in partnership with the Canadian media company Alliance
Atlantis. The company dissolved after season three in 2007, and all
production after that was done under the purview of CBS Paramount
Television.
The series was filmed at the CBS Studio Center, with
many of the outside scenes shot in and around Los Angeles. Occasionally,
scenes were filmed on location in New York City.
The series ended its ninth and final season on February 22, 2013. It was canceled by CBS on May 10, 2013.
CSI: NY follows a group of investigators who work for the New York City crime lab.
The series mixes gritty subject matter and deduction in the same manner
as its predecessors, yet also places a great deal of emphasis on
criminal profiling.
The team is led by Detective Mac Taylor,
a former Marine from Chicago. Mac is a veteran of the NYPD who lost his
wife on 9/11, and as such must work to rebuild his personal life while
supervising his team. He is organized, efficient, dedicated, and very
proper in his management style.
Mac's partner is originally Stella Bonasera.
Stella is half-Greek, half-Italian, and entirely New York City. She
helped Mac through the impact of his wife's death and has been by his
side ever since. She is a savvy investigator, yet she often speaks
before she thinks. Stella leaves New York to head a crime lab in New
Orleans and is replaced by Detective Jo Danville.
Jo is a
former FBI criminalist and an experienced psychological profiler. She
and Mac quickly form a strong friendship and an even stronger working
rapport. Jo is still haunted by her ousting from the FBI after blowing
the whistle on improper lab procedure, so she works to regain her
professional reputation.
Together, Mac, Stella, and Jo head an elite team of detectives including Danny Messer, Aiden Burn, and Lindsay Monroe. The team also works alongside CSI Sheldon Hawkes, Detective Don Flack, Medical Examiner Sid Hammerback, and CSI trainee Adam Ross.
Today, The Stones and The Grandma have continued with their English classes.
Firstly, they have learnt how to create question tags using Present Simple and where and how to use the Adverbs of Frequency.They have also reviewed modal verbs with Should and Shouldn't.
Next, they have started to read TheCantervilleGhost, an amazing short story written by OscarWilde that represents a great criticism of the American way of life during the last decades of the 19th C. Ghost
stories are anything but a contemporary phenomenon. They have been
passed down from generation to generation for centuries, either orally
or through the written word.
Later, The Grandma has been talking about the importance of trade and commerce in Sant Boi along the history and its connections withOccitan merchants, especially when Sant Boi was opened to the sea and the Llobregat River was navigable. Nowadays, the influence of these cultural ties is seen in the names of the streets (Alou, Raurich...) in the architecture and with the recognition of great figures in the history of the city. Names like the Santboian Baldiri Aleu, the founder of U.E. Santboiana, the local rugby team, or Frederic Mistral, the Occitan poet and a great admirer of the city, are two good examples.
Finally, with the arrival of the last of the members of the family, they have returned to their normal life, then travelling, enjoying and learning more English. They have decided to prepare a new travel, a long travel with different stops: Manchester-Hawaii-Buenos Aires and Tierra del Fuego to start.
Prepare your baggage Stones. We are going to enjoy together of this new experience. Next stop: Manchester.
A ghost story may be any piece of fiction, or drama, that includes aghost, or simply takes as a premise the possibility of ghosts orcharacters' belief in them. The ghost may appear of its own accord or be summoned by magic. Linked to the ghost is the idea of hauntings, where a supernatural entity is tied to a place, object or person. Ghost stories are commonly examples of ghostlore.
Colloquially, the term ghost story can refer to any kind of scary story. In a narrower sense, the ghost story has been developed as a short story format, within genre fiction. It is a form of supernatural fiction and specifically of weird fiction, and is often a horror story.
While ghost stories are often explicitly meant to be scary, they have been written to serve all sorts of purposes, from comedy to morality tales. Ghosts often appear in the narrative as sentinels or prophets of things to come. Belief in ghosts is found in all cultures around the world, and thus ghost stories may be passed down orally or in written form.
The Canterville Ghost by Oscar Wilde
What we understand as a ghost today has its roots in the myths and beliefs of ancient cultures. Ghosts were and sometimes still are believed to be the spirit of a person that exists after the body has died.
It is because of these beliefs that funeral rituals initially took place and were practised as a passage of rights to the next world, a way to say goodbye, and to prevent the spirit from remaining on Earth and haunting the living.
Further to this, the existence of ghosts is believed because of the human experience of feeling haunted or being in the presence of a spirit. This can range from hearing, seeing or other unexplainable spooky happenings.
The Canterville Ghostis a humorous short story by Oscar Wilde. It was the first of Wilde's stories to be published, appearing in two parts in The Court and Society Review, 23 February and 2 March 1887.
The story is about an American family who move to a castle haunted by the ghost of a dead English nobleman, who killed his wife and was then walled in and starved to death by his wife's brothers. It has been adapted for the stage and screen several times.
The home of the Canterville Ghost was the ancient Canterville Chase, which has all the accoutrements of a traditional haunted house. Descriptions of the wainscoting, the library panelled in black oak, and the armour in the hallway characterise the setting. Wilde mixes the macabre with comedy, juxtaposing devices from traditional English ghost stories such as creaking floorboards, clanking chains, and ancient prophecies.
Today, The Grandma has received the visit of JordiSantanyí, a closer friend. He is a great writer and they like talking together about Literature and authors.
Jordi has been explaining some interesting stories about Edgar Allan Poe, one of the best writers of the Universal Literature, who died on a day like today in 1849.
Edgar Allan Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. The Grandma loves his novels and his writing style and she has searching some Poe's novels and audios to share with Jordi.
Edgar Allan Poe (born Edgar Poe; January 19, 1809-October 7, 1849) was an American writer, editor, and literary critic.
Poe is best known for his poetry and short stories, particularly his tales of mystery and the macabre. He is widely regarded as a central figure of Romanticism in the United States and of American literature as a whole, and he was one of the country's earliest practitioners of the short story.
He is generally considered the inventor of the detective fiction genre and is further credited with contributing to the emerging genre of science fiction. He was the first well-known American writer to earn a living through writing alone, resulting in a financially difficult life and career.
Poe was born in Boston, the second child of actors David and Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe. His father abandoned the family in 1810, and his mother died the following year. Thus orphaned, the child was taken in by John and Frances Allan of Richmond, Virginia. They never formally adopted him, but he was with them well into young adulthood.
Tension developed later as John Allan and Edgar Poe repeatedly clashed over debts, including those incurred by gambling, and the cost of Poe's secondary education. He attended the University of Virginia but left after a year due to lack of money. Edgar Poe quarreled with John Allan over the funds for his education and enlisted in the Army in 1827 under an assumed name.
Edgar Allan Poe
It was at this time that his publishing career began with the anonymous collection Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), credited only to a Bostonian.
Edgar Poe and John Allan reached a temporary rapprochement after the death of Frances Allan in 1829. Poe later failed as an officer cadet at West Point, declaring a firm wish to be a poet and writer, and he ultimately parted ways with John Allan.
Poe switched his focus to prose and spent the next several years working for literary journals and periodicals, becoming known for his own style of literary criticism. His work forced him to move among several cities, including Baltimore, Philadelphia, and New York City. He married his 13-year-old cousin, Virginia Clemm, in 1836. In January 1845, Poe published his poem The Raven to instant success, but Virginia died of tuberculosis two years after its publication.
Poe planned for years to produce his own journal The Penn, later renamed The Stylus, but he died before it could be produced. He died in Baltimore on October 7, 1849, at age 40; the cause of his death is unknown and has been variously attributed to alcohol, brain congestion, cholera, drugs, heart disease, rabies, suicide, tuberculosis, and other causes.
Poe and his works
influenced literature around the world, as well as specialized fields
such as cosmology and cryptography. He and his work appear throughout
popular culture in literature, music, films, and television. A number of
his homes are dedicated museums today. The Mystery Writers of America
present an annual award known as the Edgar Award for distinguished work
in the mystery genre.
He was born Edgar Poe in Boston on January 19, 1809, the second child of English-born actress Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins Poe and actor David Poe Jr. He had an elder brother William Henry Leonard Poe and a younger sister Rosalie Poe. Their grandfather David Poe Sr. emigrated from County Cavan, Ireland around 1750.
Edgar
may have been named after a character in William Shakespeare's King
Lear which the couple were performing in 1809. His father abandoned the
family in 1810, and his mother died a year later from consumption
(pulmonary tuberculosis). Poe was then taken into the home of John
Allan, a successful merchant in Richmond, Virginia who dealt in a
variety of goods, including tobacco, cloth, wheat, tombstones, and
slaves. The Allans served as a foster family and gave him the name Edgar Allan Poe, though they never formally adopted him.
The
Allan family had Poe baptized in the Episcopal Church in 1812. John
Allan alternately spoiled and aggressively disciplined his foster son.
The family sailed to Britain in 1815, and Poe attended the grammar
school for a short period in Irvine, Scotland, where John Allan was
born, before rejoining the family in London in 1816. There he studied at
a boarding school in Chelsea until summer 1817. He was subsequently
entered at the Reverend John Bransby's Manor House School at Stoke
Newington, then a suburb 6 km north of London.
Edgar Allan Poe
Poe moved with the Allans back to Richmond, Virginia in 1820. In 1824, he served as the lieutenant of the Richmond youth honor guard as Richmond celebrated the visit of the Marquis de Lafayette.
In March 1825, John Allan's uncle and business benefactor William Galt died, who was said to be one of the wealthiest men in Richmond, leaving Allan several acres of real estate. The inheritance was estimated at $750,000, equivalent to $17,000,000 in 2018. By summer 1825, Allan celebrated his expansive wealth by purchasing a two-story brick home named Moldavia.
Poe may have become engaged to Sarah Elmira Royster before he registered at the University of Virginia in February 1826 to study ancient and modern languages. The university was in its infancy, established on the ideals of its founder Thomas Jefferson. It had strict rules against gambling, horses, guns, tobacco, and alcohol, but these rules were generally ignored.
Jefferson had enacted a system of student self-government, allowing students to choose their own studies, make their own arrangements for boarding, and report all wrongdoing to the faculty. The unique system was still in chaos, and there was a high dropout rate. During his time there, Poe lost touch with Royster and also became estranged from his foster father over gambling debts.
He claimed that Allan
had not given him sufficient money to register for classes, purchase
texts, and procure and furnish a dormitory. Allan did send additional
money and clothes, but Poe's debts increased.
He
gave up on the university after a year but did not feel welcome
returning to Richmond, especially when he learned that his sweetheart
Royster had married Alexander Shelton. He traveled to Boston in April
1827, sustaining himself with odd jobs as a clerk and newspaper writer,
and he started using the pseudonym Henri Le Rennet during this period.
After
his brother's death, Poe began more earnest attempts to start his
career as a writer, but he chose a difficult time in American publishing
to do so. He was one of the first Americans to live by writing alone
and was hampered by the lack of an international copyright law.
American
publishers often produced unauthorized copies of British works rather
than paying for new work by Americans. The industry was also
particularly hurt by the Panic of 1837. There was a booming growth in
American periodicals around this time, fueled in part by new technology,
but many did not last beyond a few issues. Publishers often refused to
pay their writers or paid them much later than they promised, and Poe
repeatedly resorted to humiliating pleas for money and other assistance.
Edgar Allan Poe
After his early attempts at poetry, Poe had turned his attention to prose. He placed a few stories with a Philadelphia publication and began work on his only drama Politian. The Baltimore Saturday Visiter awarded him a prize in October 1833 for his short story MS. Found in a Bottle.
The story brought him to the attention of John P. Kennedy, a Baltimorean of considerable means. He helped Poe place some of his stories, and introduced him to Thomas W. White, editor of the Southern Literary Messenger in Richmond, Virginia.
Poe became assistant editor of the periodical in August 1835, but White discharged him within a few weeks for being drunk on the job. Poe returned to Baltimore where he obtained a license to marry his cousin Virginia on September 22, 1835, though it is unknown if they were married at that time. He was 26 and she was 13.
He was reinstated by
White after promising good behavior, and he went back to Richmond with
Virginia and her mother. He remained at the Messenger until January
1837. During this period, Poe claimed that its circulation increased
from 700 to 3,500. He published several poems, book reviews, critiques,
and stories in the paper.
On May 16, 1836, he and
Virginia held a Presbyterian wedding ceremony at their Richmond boarding
house, with a witness falsely attesting Clemm's age as 21.
The
Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket was published and widely
reviewed in 1838. In the summer of 1839, Poe became assistant editor of
Burton's Gentleman's Magazine. He published numerous articles, stories,
and reviews, enhancing his reputation as a trenchant critic which he had
established at the Southern Literary Messenger. Also in 1839, the
collection Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque was published in two
volumes, though he made little money from it and it received mixed
reviews. Poe left Burton's after about a year and found a position as
assistant at Graham's Magazine.
In
June 1840, Poe published a prospectus announcing his intentions to
start his own journal called The Stylus, although he originally intended
to call it The Penn, as it would have been based in Philadelphia. He
bought advertising space for his prospectus in the June 6, 1840 issue of
Philadelphia's Saturday Evening Post: Prospectus of the Penn Magazine,
a Monthly Literary journal to be edited and published in the city of
Philadelphia by Edgar A. Poe. The journal was never produced before
Poe's death.
Around
this time, he attempted to secure a position within the administration
of President Tyler, claiming that he was a member of the Whig Party. He
hoped to be appointed to the Custom House in Philadelphia with help from
President Tyler's son Robert, an acquaintance of Poe's friend Frederick
Thomas.
Poe failed to show up for a meeting with Thomas to discuss the
appointment in mid-September 1842, claiming to have been sick, though
Thomas believed that he had been drunk. Poe was promised an appointment,
but all positions were filled by others.
Edgar Allan Poe
One evening in January 1842, Virginia showed the first signs of consumption, now known as tuberculosis, while singing and playing the piano, which Poe described as breaking a blood vessel in her throat. She only partially recovered, and Poe began to drink more heavily under the stress of her illness. He left Graham's and attempted to find a new position, for a time angling for a government post. He returned to New York where he worked briefly at the Evening Mirror before becoming editor of the Broadway Journal, and later its owner. There he alienated himself from other writers by publicly accusing Henry Wadsworth Longfellow of plagiarism, though Longfellow never responded.
On January 29, 1845, his poem The Raven appeared in the Evening Mirror and became a popular sensation. It made Poe a household name almost instantly, though he was paid only $9 for its publication. It was concurrently published in The American Review: A Whig Journal under the pseudonym Quarles.
The Broadway Journal failed in 1846, and Poe moved to a cottage in Fordham, New York in what is now the Bronx. That home is now known as the Edgar Allan Poe Cottage, relocated to a park near the southeast corner of the Grand Concourse and Kingsbridge Road. Nearby, he befriended the Jesuits at St. John's College, now Fordham University. Virginia died at the cottage on January 30, 1847. Biographers and critics often suggest that Poe's frequent theme of the death of a beautiful woman stems from the repeated loss of women throughout his life, including his wife.
Poe was increasingly unstable after his wife's death. He attempted to court poet Sarah Helen Whitman who lived in Providence, Rhode Island. Their engagement failed, purportedly because of Poe's drinking and erratic behavior. There is also strong evidence that Whitman's mother intervened and did much to derail their relationship. Poe then returned to Richmond and resumed a relationship with his childhood sweetheart Sarah Elmira Royster.
On October 3, 1849, Poe was found delirious on the streets of Baltimore, in great distress, and… in need of immediate assistance, according to Joseph W. Walker who found him. He was taken to the Washington Medical College where he died on Sunday, October 7, 1849 at 5:00 in the morning. He was not coherent long enough to explain how he came to be in his dire condition and, oddly, was wearing clothes that were not his own. He is said to have repeatedly called out the name Reynolds on the night before his death, though it is unclear to whom he was referring. Some sources say that Poe's final words were Lord help my poor soul. All medical records have been lost, including his death certificate.
Newspapers at the time reported Poe's death as congestion of the brain or cerebral inflammation, common euphemisms for death from disreputable causes such as alcoholism. The actual cause of death remains a mystery. Speculation has included delirium tremens, heart disease, epilepsy, syphilis, meningeal inflammation, cholera, and rabies. One theory dating from 1872 suggests that cooping was the cause of Poe's death, a form of electoral fraud in which citizens were forced to vote for a particular candidate, sometimes leading to violence and even murder.
Poe's writing reflects his literary theories, which he presented in his criticism and also in essays such as The Poetic Principle. He disliked didacticism and allegory, though he believed that meaning in literature should be an undercurrent just beneath the surface. Works with obvious meanings, he wrote, cease to be art. He believed that work of quality should be brief and focus on a specific single effect. To that end, he believed that the writer should carefully calculate every sentiment and idea.
Poe describes his method in writing The Raven in the essay The Philosophy of Composition, and he claims to have strictly followed this method. It has been questioned whether he really followed this system, however. T. S. Eliot said: It is difficult for us to read that essay without reflecting that if Poe plotted out his poem with such calculation, he might have taken a little more pains over it: the result hardly does credit to the method. Biographer Joseph Wood Krutch described the essay as a rather highly ingenious exercise in the art of rationalization.
Eureka: A Prose Poem, an essay written in 1848, included a cosmological theory that presaged the Big Bang theory by 80 years, as well as the first plausible solution to Olbers' paradox. Poe eschewed the scientific method in Eureka and instead wrote from pure intuition. For this reason, he considered it a work of art, not science, but insisted that it was still true and considered it to be his career masterpiece. Even so, Eureka is full of scientific errors. In particular, Poe's suggestions ignored Newtonian principles regarding the density and rotation of planets.
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