Today, The Grandma has been reading about Thecla,the saint of the early Christian Church, who is venerated on a day like today in places like Sitges and Tarragona.
Thecla, in Ancient Greek Θέκλα, Thékla, was a saint of the early ChristianChurch, and a reported follower of Paul the Apostle. The earliest record of her life comes from the ancient apocryphal Actsof Paul and Thecla.
The Acts of Paul and Thecla is a 2nd-century text (c. AD 180) which forms part of the Acts of Paul, but was also circulated separately. According to the text, Thecla was a young noble virgin from Iconium who chose to leave her fiance so she could convert to Christianity and follow Paul.
In the text, it is said that Thecla spent three days sitting by her window, listening to Paul speak about the Christian God and the importance of living in chastity. Thecla's mother, Theoclia, and fiance, Thamyris, became concerned that Thecla was going to follow Paul's teachings. They turned to local authorities to punish Paul for being a Christian and mak[ing] virgins averse to marriage. Paul was sent to prison, where Thecla visited him, kissed his bonds, and refused to leave him and return to her mother and fiance. Paul was made to leave the city and Thecla was condemned to be burned.
However, Thecla was miraculously saved from burning at the stake by the onset of a storm. She then encountered Paul outside of Iconium, where she told him, I will cut my hair off and I shall follow you wherever you go.
She then traveled with Paul to Antioch of Pisidia. There, a nobleman named Alexander desired Thecla and attempted to rape her. Thecla fought him off, tore his cloak, and knocked his coronet off his head, which caused her to be put on trial for assault. She was sentenced to be eaten by wild beasts, but was again saved by a series of miracles. In one scene, female beasts, particularly lionesses, protected her against her male aggressors. While in the arena, she baptized herself by throwing herself into a nearby lake full of aggressive seals, who were all killed by lightning before they could devour her.
Thecla rejoined Paul in Myra, wearing a mantle that she had altered so as to make a man's cloak. As she traveled, she preached the word of God and encouraged women to imitate her by living a life of chastity. According to some versions of the Acts, Thecla lived in a cave in Seleucia Cilicia for 72 years, where she continued to spread Christianity.
It is also said that Thecla spent the rest of her life in Maaloula, a village in Syria. There, she became a healer and performed many miracles, but remained constantly persecuted. In one instance, as her persecutors were about to get to her, she called out to God, a new passage was opened in the cave she was in, and the stones closed behind her. Before her death, she was able to go to Rome and lie down beside Paul's tomb.
Thecla is counted as the patron saint of Sitges and Tarragona in Catalonia, where the cathedral has a chapel dedicated to her. Her feast day remains the town's major local holiday.
Today, The Grandma visited the ZAL in the Port of
Barcelona located in the old beach of La Marina de Sants. It is the logistics zone and she thinks she can learn a lot
discovering what WarehouseManagement System is. She has remembered LesSalines
and Fonollar, the Logistic areas in Sant Boi de Llobregat whose names come from 'salt' and
'fennel' the kind of natural elements that grew in those lands. The Grandma has also remembered the ancient Roman warehouses in Barcelona located in Sitges, a beautiful town near the big capital. Sitges means silos, a word from the Greek σιρός–siros, that means pit for holding grain. Sitges, today a famous touristic place, was the main warehouse of Barcino -Barcelona during the Roman age.
The future of Logistics has a close relationship with
warehousing. Nobody can guess the future and as economists say, the best way to
predict the future is to invent it.
The Grandma has remembered the Sibyl, the character
from the Classic Greek, reborn during the Middle Age as character who predicted
the end of the world, that has arrived until our days in our popular culture as
an expression to predict the future. She has also played Cluedo, an amazing game of questions that allows you to practice with the W-, What, Where, When, Who, How..., to guess some hidden information.
Warehousing is the act of storing goods that will be sold or distributed later. While a small, home-based business might be warehousing products in a spare room, basement, or garage, larger businesses typically own or rent space in a building that is specifically designed for storage.
You might hear warehouse and distribution center used interchangeably, but technically, a warehouse provides nothing more than storage. A distribution center, on the other hand, stores product but also fulfills orders.
Whether the purpose is strictly storage or storage plus order fulfillment, warehouses use specific elements that help manufacturers, distributors, and retailers monitor inventory and store it safely. An overview of basic elements includes:
-Shelving and rack systems that offer maximum storage capacity and easy product access.
Víctor is working in the warehouse
-A climate control system for the product being stored. This is particularly important for frozen products or those requiring refrigeration, including certain pharmaceutical or laboratory products, and others that degrade if exposed to too much heat.
-Inventory control software that tells the product owner -who isn’t necessarily the building owner- where all individual units are in the system at all times.
-Equipment that can move products from point A to point B -forklifts, pallet jacks, bins that hold products for orders, and conveyor belts, for example. -People who load products into a warehouse and others pickers who fill orders in a true distribution center, plus those who manage the facility and operation. -Access to cost-effective transportation
to bring products in or move them out as orders are fulfilled. That
often means easy access to interstates, rail lines, or airports.
-Shipping supplies for order fulfillment.
-Security to protect stored products.
Warehousing and all that goes along with it is part of a sophisticated industry known as logistics management. Logistics includes procurement, inventory management, anddistribution. It falls under the supply chain umbrella, which also includes productdevelopment, marketing, sales, and other product-related disciplines.
A warehouse is a building for storing goods. Warehouses are used by manufacturers, importers, exporters, wholesalers, transport businesses or customs. They are usually large plain buildings in industrial parks on the outskirts of cities, towns or villages.
They usually have loading docks to load and unload goods from trucks. Sometimes warehouses are designed for the loading and unloading of goods directly from railways, airports, or seaports. They often have cranes and forklifts for moving goods, which are usually placed on ISO standard pallets loaded into pallet racks. Stored goods can include any raw materials, packing materials, spare parts, components, or finished goods associated with agriculture, manufacturing, and production. In India and Hong Kong, a warehouse may be referred to as a godown.
A warehouse can be defined functionally as a building in which to store bulk produce or goods (wares) for commercial purposes.
The Grandma visits a warehouse in the ZAL
The built form of warehouse structures throughout time depends on many contexts: materials, technologies, sites, and cultures. In this sense, the warehouse postdates the need for communal or state-based mass storage of surplus food. Prehistoric civilizations relied on family -or community-owned storage pits, or palace storerooms, such as at Knossos, to protect surplus food. The archaeologist Colin Renfrew argued that gathering and storing agricultural surpluses in Bronze Age Minoan palaces was a critical ingredient in the formation of proto-state power.
The need for warehouses developed in societies in which trade reached a critical mass requiring storage at some point in the exchange process. This was highly evident in ancient Rome, where the horreum, in plural horrea became a standard building form. The most studied examples are in Ostia, the port city that served Rome. The Horrea Galbae, a warehouse complex on the road towards Ostia, demonstrates that these buildings could be substantial, even by modern standards. Galba's horrea complex contained 140 rooms on the ground floor alone, covering an area of some 21,000 m². As a point of reference, less than half of U.S. warehouses today are larger than 9290 m².
The need for a warehouse implies having quantities of goods too big to be stored in a domestic storeroom. But as attested by legislation concerning the levy of duties, some medieval merchants across Europe commonly kept goods in their large household storerooms, often on the ground floor or cellars. An example is the Fondaco dei Tedeschi, the substantial quarters of German traders in Venice, which combined a dwelling, warehouse, market and quarters for travellers.
From the Middle Ages on, dedicated warehouses were constructed around ports and other commercial hubs to facilitate large-scale trade. The warehouses of the trading port Bryggen in Bergen, Norway (now a World Heritage site), demonstrate characteristic European gabled timber forms dating from the late Middle Ages, though what remains today was largely rebuilt in the same traditional style following great fires in 1702 and 1955. During the industrial revolution, the function of warehouses evolved and became more specialised. Always
a building of function, in the past few decades warehouses have adapted
to standardisation, mechanisation, technological innovation and changes
in supply chain methods.
Warehousing & Distribution
The mass production of goods launched by the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th centuries fuelled the development of larger and more specialised warehouses, usually located close to transport hubs on canals, at railways and portside. Specialisation of tasks is characteristic of the factory system, which developed in British textile mills and potteries in the mid-late 1700s. Factory processes speeded up work and deskilled labour, bringing new profits to capital investment.
Warehouses also fulfill a range of commercial functions besides simple storage, exemplified by Manchester's cotton warehouses and Australian wool stores: receiving, stockpiling and despatching goods; displaying goods for commercial buyers; packing, checking and labelling orders, and dispatching them.
The utilitarian architecture of warehouses responded fast to emerging technologies. Before and into the nineteenth century, the basic European warehouse was built of load-bearing masonry walls or heavy-framed timber with a suitable external cladding. Inside, heavy timber posts supported timber beams and joists for the upper levels, rarely more than four to five stories high.
A gabled roof was conventional, with a gate in the gable facing the street, rail lines or port for a crane to hoist goods into the window-gates on each floor below. Convenient access for road transport was built-in via very large doors on the ground floor. If not in a separate building, office and display spaces were located on the ground or first floor.
Technological innovations of the early 19th century changed the shape of warehouses and the work performed inside them: cast iron columns and later, moulded steel posts; saw-tooth roofs; and steam power. All (except steel) were adopted quickly and were in common use by the middle of the 19th century.
-Strong, slender cast iron columns began to replace masonry piers or timber posts to carry levels above the ground floor. As modern steel framing developed in the late 19th century, its strength and constructability enabled the first skyscrapers. Steel girders replaced timber beams, increasing the span of internal bays in the warehouse.
-The saw-tooth roof brought natural light to the top story of the warehouse. It transformed the shape of the warehouse, from the traditional peaked hip or gable to an essentially flat roof form that was often hidden behind a parapet. Warehouse buildings now became strongly horizontal. Inside the top floor, the vertical glazed pane of each saw-tooth enabled natural lighting over displayed goods, improving buyer inspection.
-Hoists and cranes driven by steam power expanded the capacity of manual labour to lift and move heavy goods.
Warehousing
Two more new power sources,hydraulics, and electricity, re-shaped warehouse design and practice at the end of the 19th century and into the 20th century. -Public hydraulic power networkswere constructed in many large industrial cities around the world in the 1870s-80s, exemplified by Manchester. They were highly effective to power cranes and lifts, whose application in warehouses served taller buildings and enabled new labour efficiencies.
-Public electricity networks emerged in the 1890s. They were used at first mainly for lighting and soon to electrify lifts, making possible taller, more efficient warehouses. It took several decades for electrical power to be distributed widely throughout cities in the western world.
20th-century technologies made warehousing ever more efficient.Electricity became widely available and transformed lighting, security, lifting and transport from the 1900s. The internal combustion engine, developed in the late 19th century, was installed in mass-produced vehicles from the 1910s. It not only reshaped transport methods but enabled many applications as a compact, portable power plant, wherever small engines were needed.
The forklift truck was invented in the early 20th century and came into wide use after World War II. Forklifts transformed the possibilities of multi-level pallet racking of goods in taller, single-level steel-framed buildings for higher storage density. The forklift, and its load fixed to a uniform pallet, enabled the rise of logistic approaches to storage in the later 20th century.
Warehouses are generally considered industrial buildings and are usually located in industrial districts or zones, such as the outskirts of a city.
Types of warehouses include storage warehouses, distribution centers -including fulfillment centers and truck terminals-, retail warehouses, cold storage warehouses, and flex space.
These displayed goods for the home trade. This would be finished goods- such as the latest cotton blouses or fashion items. Their street frontage was impressive, so they took the styles of Italianate Palazzi. Richard Cobden's construction in Manchester's Mosley Street was the first
palazzo warehouse. There were already seven warehouses on Portland
Street when they commenced building the elaborate Watts Warehouse of
1855, but four more were opened before it was finished.
Cold Storage Room
Cold storage preserves agricultural products. Refrigerated storage helps in eliminating sprouting, rotting and insect damage. Edible products are generally not stored for more than one year. Several perishable products require a storage temperature as low as −25 °C.
Cold storage helps stabilize market prices and evenly distribute goods both on demand and timely basis. The farmers get the opportunity of producing cash crops to get remunerative prices. The consumers get the supply of perishable commodities with lower fluctuation of prices.
Ammonia and Freon compressors are commonly used in cold storage warehouses to maintain the temperature. Ammonia refrigerant is cheaper, easily available, and has a high latent heat of evaporation, but it is also highly toxic and can form an explosive mixture when mixed with fuel oil. Insulation is also important, to reduce the loss of cold and to keep different sections of the warehouse at different temperatures.
There are two main types of refrigeration system used in cold storage warehouses: Vapor Absorption Systems (VAS) and Vapor-CompressionSystems (VCS). VAS, although comparatively costlier to install, is more economical in operation.
The temperature necessary for preservation depends on the storage time required and the type of product. In general, there are three groups of products, foods that are alive (e.g. fruits and vegetables), foods that are no longer alive and have been processed in some form (e.g. meat and fish products), and commodities that benefit from storage at controlled temperature (e.g. beer, tobacco).
Location is important for the success of a cold storage facility. It should be in close proximity to a growing area as well as a market, be easily accessible for heavy vehicles, and have an uninterrupted power supply.
These catered for the overseas trade. They became the meeting places for overseas wholesale buyers where printed and plain could be discussed and ordered. Trade in cloth in Manchester was conducted by many nationalities.
Behrens Warehouse is on the corner of Oxford Street and Portland Street. It was built for Louis Behrens & Son by P Nunn in 1860. It is a four-storey predominantly red brick build with 23 bays along Portland Street and 9 along Oxford Street. The Behrens family were prominent in banking and in the social life of the German Community in Manchester.
The main purpose of packing warehouses was the picking, checking, labelling and packing of goods for export. The
packing warehouses: Asia House, India House and Velvet House along
Whitworth Street in Manchester were some of the tallest buildings of
their time. See List of packing houses.
Warehousing & Handling Equipment
Warehouses were built close to the major stations in railway hubs. The first railway warehouse to be built was opposite the passenger platform at the terminus of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. There was an important group of warehouses around London Road station, now Piccadilly station. In the 1890s the Great Northern Railway Company’s warehouse was completed on Deansgate: this was the last major railway warehouse to be built.
The London Warehouse Picadilly was one of four warehouses built by the Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway in about 1865 to service the new London Road Station. It had its own branch to the Ashton Canal. This warehouse was built of brick with stone detailing. It had cast iron columns with wrought iron beams.
All these warehouse types can trace their origins back to the canal warehouses which were used for trans-shipment and storage. Castlefield warehouses are of this type- and important as they were built at the terminus of the Bridgewater Canal in 1761. A
customised storage building, a warehouse enables a business to
stockpile goods, e.g., to build up a full load prior to transport, or
hold unloaded goods before further distribution, or store goods like
wine and cheese that require maturation. As a place for storage, the
warehouse has to be secure, convenient, and as spacious as possible,
according to the owner's resources, the site and contemporary building
technology. Before mechanised technology developed, warehouse functions
relied on human labour, using mechanical lifting aids like pulley
systems.
Some of the most common warehouse storage systems are:
-Pallet racking including selective, drive-in, drive-thru, double-deep, pushback, and gravity flow.
-Cantilever racking uses arms, rather than pallets, to store long thin objects like timber.
-Mezzanine adds a semi-permanent story of storage within a warehouse.
-Vertical Lift Modules are packed systems with vertically arranged trays stored on both sides of the unit.
-Horizontal Carousels consist of a frame and a rotating carriage of bins.
-Vertical Carousels consisting of a series of carriers mounted on a vertical closed-loop track, inside a metal enclosure.
A piece pick is a type of order selection process where a product is picked and handled in individual units and placed in an outer carton, tote or another container before shipping.
Víctor is working in the warehouse
Catalog companies and internet retailers are examples of predominantly piece-pick operations. Their customers rarely order in pallet or case quantities; instead, they typically order just one or two pieces of one or two items. Several elements make up the piece-pick system. They include the order, the picker, the pick module, the pick area, handling equipment, the container, the pick method used and the information technology used. Every movement inside a warehouse must be accompanied by a work order. Warehouse operation can fail when workers move goods without work orders, or when a storage position is left unregistered in the system.
Material direction and tracking in a warehouse can be coordinated by aWarehouse Management System (WMS), a database driven computer program. Logistics personnel use the WMS to improve warehouse efficiency by directing pathways and to maintain accurate inventory by recording warehouse transactions.
Some warehouses are completely automated, and require only operators to work and handle all the task. Pallets and product move on a system of automated conveyors, cranes and automated storage and retrieval systems coordinated by programmable logic controllers and computers running logistics automation software. These systems are often installed in refrigerated warehouses where temperatures are kept very cold to keep the product from spoiling. This is especially true in electronics warehouses that require specific temperatures to avoid damaging parts. Automation is also common where land is expensive, as automated storage systems can use vertical space efficiently. These high-bay storage areas are often more than 10 meters high, with some over 20 meters high. Automated storage systems can be built up to 40m high.
For a warehouse to function efficiently, the facility must be properly slotted. Slotting addresses which storage medium a product is picked from (pallet rack or carton flow), and how they are picked (pick-to-light, pick-to-voice, or pick-to-paper). With a proper slotting plan, a warehouse can improve its inventory rotation requirements -such as First In, First Out (FIFO) and Last In, First Out (LIFO)- control labor costs and increase productivity.
Pallet racks are commonly used to organize a warehouse. It is important to know the dimensions of racking and the number of bays needed as well as the dimensions of the product to be stored. Clearance should be accounted for if using a forklift or pallet mover to move inventory. Modern
warehouses commonly use a system of wide aisle pallet racking to store
goods which can be loaded and unloaded using forklift trucks.
Warehousing
Traditional warehousing has declined since the last decades of the 20th century, with the gradual introduction of Just In Time techniques. The JIT system promotes product delivery directly from suppliers to consumer without the use of warehouses. However, with the gradual implementation of offshore outsourcing and offshoring in about the same time period, the distance between the manufacturer and the retailer or the parts manufacturer and the industrial plant grew considerably in many domains, necessitating at least one warehouse per country or per region in any typical supply chain for a given range of products.
Recent retailing trends have led to the development of warehouse-style retail stores. These high-ceiling buildings display retail goods on tall, heavy-duty industrial racks rather than conventional retail shelving. Typically, items ready for sale are on the bottom of the racks, and crated or palletized inventory is in the upper rack. Essentially, the same building serves as both a warehouse and retail store. Another trend relates to Vendor-Managed Inventory (VMI).
This gives the vendor the control to maintain the level of stock in the
store. This method has its own issue that the vendor gains access to
the warehouse.
Large exporters and manufacturers use warehouses as distribution points for developing retail outlets in a particular region or country. This concept reduces end cost to the consumer and enhances the production sale ratio.
Cross-Docking is a specialised type of distribution center (DC) in that little or no inventory is stored and product is received, processed (if needed) and shipped within a short timeframe. As in warehousing, there are different types of cross-docks.
Reverse logistics is another type of warehousing that has become popular for environmental reasons. The term refers to items that are going from the end user back to the distributor or manufacturer. Finally, The Grandma has revised the Adverbs of Manner in English. They are very useful to explain how is an action done by a verb and she has also studied some vocabulary about the city.
Claire Fontaine & TheGrandma has visited ElGarraf, a wonderful county near Barcelona where you can find six unforgettable towns with strong personality, old history, many cultural events, amazing natural landscapes and nice inhabitants.
Last summer, The Grandma also visited the GarrafAstronomical Observatorywith Joseph de Ca'th Lon who knows this zone perfectly and who studies another kind of population which lives in this zone, the Peregrine Falcon.
Before arriving by train to Vilanova i la Geltrú, the capital of the county, The Grandma has studied a new lesson of her ElementaryLanguage Practice manual (Vocabulary 16).
Vilanova i la Geltrú is a city in the province of Barcelona, Catalonia and the capital of the Garraf county. Historically a fishing port, the city has a growing population of approximately 66,000, and is situated 40 km south-west of Barcelona.
The town has a long history, and experienced an efflorescence during the Romantic period evidenced by a wealth of opulent 19th century buildings. The atmospheric town square, the Plaça de la Vila, and many of its iconic public buildings were principally financed by Josep Tomàs Ventosa Soler (1797-1874) a textile magnate who made his fortune in Cuba. A monument featuring a bronze statue of Ventosa stands in the center of the square. An identical monument stands in Matanzas, Cuba, where both statues were forged.
Claire Fontaine in Plaça de la Vila, Vilanova i la Geltrú
During the dictatorship, large numbers of people fleeing poverty in Southern Spain settled in Vilanova. They are sometimes referred to by historians as fugitives of fascism. Although they experienced prejudice they became increasingly accepted and known as els altres Vilanovins or the other Vilanovins.
By 1970, a majority of the town's population had been born elsewhere. In the first decade of the 21st century, there was another wave of immigrants, called nouvinguts or newcomers locally, this time primarily from North Africa, South America and Eastern Europe.
Located 46 km from Barcelona and 44 km from Tarragona, it has the thirdlargest port of Catalonia and is a major fishing port. The Brotherhood of Pescadors of Vilanova derives from the powerful and ancient Brotherhood of Sant Elm, founded in 1579.
And it is through participating in local festivals that Vilanovins, whether natives or recently arrived newcomers, intensify their sense of belonging to a community dedicated to active engagement between neighbors or convivència(coexistence).
Canyelles is a town in the northeast of the Garraf county in the south of Barcelona province, Catalonia. It is home to a 15th-century castle.
Main festivals in Canyelles include Xatonada Popula, Festa Major de Canyelles (July 22), Petit Festa Major (September 10), and Fira de Santa Llúcia (1st Sunday in December).
Cubelles is a municipality in Catalonia, in the province of Barcelona. It is situated in the county of Garraf.
Visiting Canyelles and Cubelles Castles, Garraf
Josep Andreu i Lasserre (April 23, 1896-July 26, 1983), best known as Charlie Rivel, was an internationally known Catalan circus clown who was born in Cubelles.His parents Pere Andreu Pausas (Catalan) and Marie-Louise Lasarre (Occitan) were circus artists as well.
He debuted at the age of three and formed the group Los Rivels with his brothers Polo Rivel and René Rivel. He took his artistic first name from CharlieChaplin whom he encountered first in 1910. Each respected the other. Legend has it that Chaplin later asked him: Is it you who imitate me or I who imitate you? He later discovered his definitive routine, featuring a chair, a guitar and a long jersey.
In 1971, he appeared in Federico Fellini's film Clowns.
The Charlie Rivel Hall in Cubelles is a museum dedicated to him.
Sant Pere de Ribes is a town in the center of the Garraf county, in Barcelona province, Catalonia. The remains of a 12th-century castle once ruled by the troubadour Guillem de Ribes are in the town.
Main festivals include: Festa Major de Sant Pere (June 29), Festa Major de Sant Pau (January 25), Festa Major de Santa Eulàlia (February 12) and Festa Major de Sant Joan (June 24).
Olivella is a municipality in Catalonia, in the province of Barcelona. It is situated in the county of Garraf.
Visiting Sant Pere de Ribes and Olivella, Garraf
The first known village in the area was founded in 992 around a castle known as Castell vell.
The inhabitants lived off dryland agriculture. This initial nucleus was almost abandoned after the black plague caused numerous deaths. The area was resettled in the 14th century and gradually prospered. Nowadays there are some new housing developments in the area as well as the Sakya Tashi Ling. Buddhist monastery, located in Plana Novella.
The village is located in the Garraf Massif, in a natural park area, not far from Barcelona.
Sitges is a town about 35 kilometres southwest of Barcelona, in Catalonia, renowned worldwide for its Film Festival and Carnival. Located between the Garraf Massif and the sea, it is known for its beaches, nightspots, and historical sites. There are 17 beaches.
Visiting Sitges, Garraf
While the roots of Sitges' artistic reputation date back to the late 19th century, when Catalan painter Santiago Rusiñol took up residence there during the summer, the town became a centre for the 1960s counterculture in mainland Spain, in Francoist Spain, and became known as Ibiza in miniature.
Sitges has been
referred to as the Saint-Tropez of Catalonia, with property prices
approaching those of the most expensive European cities, the main reason
for this being the setting by the sea and the surrounding Parc Natural del Garraf.
Almost 35% of the approximately 26,000 permanent inhabitants are from the Netherlands, the UK, France and Scandinavia, whose children attend international schools in the area.
Human presence in the area dates to at least the Neolithic area, and an Iberian settlement from the 4th century. In the 1st century BC it included two separated villages, later absorbed by the Romans.
During the Middle Ages, a castle was built in Sitges, owned by the bishopric of Barcelona, which later ceded it to count Mir Geribert (1041). In the 12th century the town fell under the rule of the Sitges family. The latter held it until 1308, when Agnes of Sitges sold the town to Bernat de Fonollar, after whose death it went to the Pia Almoina, a charitable institution, to which it belonged until 1814.
The Bonds have just arrived to TenerifeIsland in Canary Islands. They are going to stay four days in the island enjoying the carnival, one of the most famous around the world.
There are three kinds of carnival. For one hand, you can enjoy the pro-protest carnival, where people wear different costumes and are critic with real characters o situations, especially, politics and religious. You can find this carnival in places like Vilanova i la Geltrú or Sitges, in Barcelona. For other hand, you can enjoy another carnival, a great coloured-party where people sing and dance without stopping. You can find this carnival in places like Rio de Janeiro in Brazil or TenerifeIsland in Canary Islands and finally, there is Venice. Venice is Venice.
Carnival is a synonymous of costumes and fake identities, and this is the reason because of the family is starting to prepare their own fake profiles.
The Bonds have wanted to visit the lucky islands because of Montse Bond, who has an old friend in the island, Nikka and she wished to visit her but they're not only going to participate in the carnivale, the family wants to climb up Teide, the Canarian volcano and visits two more islands: Hierro and La Palma, two volcanic islands very important for the future of the planet.
These two visits are the reason because of The Bonds are assisting in that moment to a conference about occupational hazards. They want to climb up volcanoes and walk across high dangerous sismic zones and they need to know as things as it was possible about protection against these dangers.
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