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| Non Verbal Communication |
Today, The Grandma has returned to Gavà to continue her course about communication. They have been talking about Nonverbal communication (NVC) one of the most interesting aspects of communication.
Knowing and understanding nonverbal communication is a good chance to be a good communicator and a good receiver. Although it seems nonverbal communication is something new related with communication, it is really something deeply joined to the human condition. Charles Darwin, the great scientist, wrote an interesting book about nonverbal communication in human and animals that is totally modern and useful in our days.
Nonverbal communication describes the processes of conveying a type of information in a form of non-linguistic representations.
Examples of nonverbal communication include haptic communication, chronemic communication, gestures, body language, facial expressions, eye contact etc.
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Nonverbal communication also relates to the intent of a message. Examples of intent are voluntary, intentional movements like shaking a hand or winking, as well as involuntary, such as sweating.
Speech also contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, e.g. rhythm, intonation, tempo, and stress. It affects communication most at the subconscious level and establishes trust. Likewise, written texts
include nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, the spatial
arrangement of words and the use of emoticons to convey emotion.
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| Non Verbal Communication |
Nonverbal communication
demonstrates one of Paul Watzlawick's laws: you cannot not communicate.
Once proximity has formed awareness, living creatures begin interpreting
any signals received.
Some of the functions of
nonverbal communication in humans are to complement and illustrate, to
reinforce and emphasize, to replace and substitute, to control and
regulate, and to contradict the denotative message.
Nonverbal cues are heavily relied on to express communication and to interpret others' communication and can replace or substitute verbal messages.
However, non-verbal communication is ambiguous. When verbal messages contradict non-verbal messages, observation of non-verbal behaviour is relied on to judge another's attitudes and feelings, rather than assuming the truth of the verbal message alone.
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There are several reasons as to why non-verbal communication plays a vital role in communication:
Non-verbal communication is omnipresent. They are included in every single communication act. To have total communication, all non-verbal channels such as the body, face, voice, appearance, touch, distance, timing, and other environmental forces must be engaged during face-to-face interaction.
Written communication can also have non-verbal attributes. E-mails and web chats allow an individual's the option to change text font colours, stationary, emoticons, and capitalization in order to capture non-verbal cues into a verbal medium.
Non-verbal behaviours are multifunctional. Many different non-verbal channels are engaged at the same time in communication acts and allow the chance for simultaneous messages to be sent and received.
Non-verbal behaviours may form a universal language system. Smiling, crying, pointing, caressing, and glaring are non-verbal behaviours that are used and understood by people regardless of nationality. Such non-verbal signals allow the most basic form of communication when verbal communication is not effective due to language barriers.
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Nonverbal communication (NVC) is the nonlinguistic transmission of information through visual, auditory, tactile, and kinesthetic (physical) channels.
Nonverbal communication is the transmission of messages or signals through a nonverbal platform such as eye contact, facial expressions, gestures, posture, and the distance between two individuals. This form of communication is characterized by multiple channels and scholars argue that nonverbal communication can convey more meaning than verbal communication.
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| Non Verbal Communication |
Some scholars state that most people trust forms of nonverbal communication over verbal communication.
The study of nonverbal communication started in 1872 with the publication of The Expressions of the Emotions in Men and Animals by Charles Darwin.
Charles Darwin started to study nonverbal communication as he noticed the interactions between animals and realized they also communicated by gestures and expressions.
For the first time, nonverbal communication was studied and its relevance questioned. It includes the use of visual cues such as body language (kinesics), distance (proxemics) and physical environments/appearance, of voice (paralanguage) and of touch (haptics). It can also include the use of time (chronemics) and eye contact and the actions of looking while talking and listening, frequency of glances, patterns of fixation, pupil dilation, and blink rate (oculesics).
Just as speech contains nonverbal elements known as paralanguage, including voice quality, rate, pitch, loudness, and speaking style, as well as prosodic features such as rhythm, intonation, and stress, so written texts have nonverbal elements such as handwriting style, spatial arrangement of words, or the physical layout of a page.
However, much of the study of nonverbal communication has focused on interaction between individuals, where it can be classified into three principal areas: environmental conditions where communication takes place, physical characteristics of the communicators, and behaviors of communicators during interaction.
Nonverbal communication involves the conscious and unconscious processes of encoding and decoding.
Encoding is the act of generating information such as facial expressions, gestures, and postures. Encoding information utilizes signals which we may think to be universal.
Decoding is the
interpretation of information from received sensations given by the
encoder. Decoding information utilizes knowledge one may have of certain
received sensations. For example, refer to the picture provided above.
The encoder holds up two fingers and the decoder may know from previous
experience that this means two.
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The Nonverbal encoding sequence includes facial expressions, gestures, posture, tone of voice, tactile stimulation such as touch, and body movements, like when someone moves closer to communicate or steps away due to spatial boundaries. The Decoding processes involves the use of received sensations combined with previous experience with understanding the meaning of communications with others.
Culture plays an important role in nonverbal communication, and it is one aspect that helps to influence how learning activities are organized. In many Indigenous American Communities, for example, there is often an emphasis on nonverbal communication, which acts as a valued means by which children learn.
In this sense, learning is not dependent on verbal communication; rather, it is nonverbal communication which serves as a primary means of not only organizing interpersonal interactions, but also conveying cultural values, and children learn how to participate in this system from a young age.
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When you have a nonverbal conversation with a total stranger,
then he can't cover himself with words,
he can't create a wall.
Marina Abramovic
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