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Metropolis is a 1927 German expressionist science-fiction film directed by Fritz Lang and written by Thea von Harbou in collaboration with Lang from von Harbou's 1925 novel of the same name.
Intentionally written as a treatment, it stars Gustav Fröhlich, Alfred Abel, Rudolf Klein-Rogge, and Brigitte Helm. Erich Pommer produced it in the Babelsberg Studios for Universum Film A.G. (UFA).
The silent film is regarded as a pioneering science-fiction movie, being among the first feature-length movies of that genre.
Filming took place over 17 months in 1925-26 at a cost of more than five million Reichsmarks, or the equivalent of about €21 million.
Made in Germany during the Weimar period, Metropolis is set in a futuristic urban dystopia and follows the attempts of Freder, the wealthy son of the city master, and Maria, a saintly figure to the workers, to overcome the vast gulf separating the classes in their city and bring the workers together with Joh Fredersen, the city master. The film's message is encompassed in the final inter-title: The Mediator Between the Head and the Hands Must Be the Heart.
Metropolis met a mixed reception upon release. Critics found it visually beautiful and powerful -the film's art direction by Otto Hunte, Erich Kettelhut, and Karl Vollbrecht draws influence from opera, Bauhaus, Cubist, and Futurist design, along with touches of the Gothic in the scenes in the catacombs, the cathedral and Rotwang's house- and lauded its complex special effects, but accused its story of being naive.
More information: Rethinking The Future
H. G. Wells described the film as silly, and The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction calls the story trite and its politics ludicrously simplistic. Its alleged Communist message was also criticized.
The film's long running time also came in for criticism. It was cut substantially after its German premiere. Many attempts have been made since the 1970s to restore the film.
In 1984, Italian music producer Giorgio Moroder released a truncated version with a soundtrack by rock artists including Freddie Mercury, Loverboy, and Adam Ant.
In 2001, a new reconstruction of Metropolis was shown at the Berlin Film Festival.
In 2008, a damaged print of Lang's original cut of the film was found in a museum in Argentina. Per the opening explanation: ...The material was heavily damaged and, because it had been printed on 16mm film stock, does not have the full-aperture silent picture ratio. ...In order to maintain the scale of the restored footage, the missing portion of the frame appears black. Black frames indicate points at which footage is still lost.
After a long restoration process that required additional materials provided by a print from New Zealand, the film was 95% restored and shown on large screens in Berlin and Frankfurt simultaneously on 12 February 2010.
Metropolis is now widely regarded as one of the greatest and most influential films ever made, ranking 35th in Sight & Sound's 2012 critics' poll.
In 2001, the film was inscribed on UNESCO's Memory of the World Register, the first film thus distinguished.
On New Years Day 2023, the film's United States copyright expired, entering the public domain in that country.
Metropolis features a range of elaborate special effects and set designs, ranging from a huge gothic cathedral to a futuristic cityscape.
The appearance of the city in Metropolis is strongly informed by the Art Deco movement; however, it also incorporates elements from other traditions.
Much of the plot line of Metropolis stems from the First World War and the culture of the Weimar Republic in Germany.
Lang explores the themes of industrialization and mass production in his film; two developments that played a large role in the war. Other post-World War I themes that Lang includes in Metropolis include the Weimar view of American modernity, fascism, and communism.
More information: Roger Ebert
I was something that is always hated in Hollywood
-a perfectionist; nobody likes a perfectionist, you know.
Fritz Lang
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