Today, The Winsors and The Grandma have visited Liverpool, seat of Liverpool FC and Everton FC, and birthplace of The Beatles.They have spent Saint Valentine's Day talking about trobadours and trobairitzes,and enjoying the city.
During the trip to Liverpool, the family has studied some English grammar with Should/Shouldn't, and they have talked about how to protect NúriaWinsor from a great admirer named James Bond, 007.
Liverpool is a cathedral and port city and metropolitan borough in Merseyside, England. It is situated on the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary, near the Irish Sea, 286 km northwest of London.
Liverpool is the fifth largest city in the United Kingdom and the administrative headquarters of the Liverpool City Region, a combined authority area with a population of over 1.5 million.
Established as a borough in Lancashire in 1207, Liverpool became significant in the late 17th century when the Port of Liverpool was heavily involved in the Atlantic slave trade. The port also imported cotton for the Lancashire textile mills, and became a major departure point for English and Irish emigrants to North America.
Liverpool rose to global economic importance at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution in the 19th century and was home to the first intercity railway, the first non-combustible warehouse system (the Royal Albert Dock), and a pioneering elevated electrical railway; it was granted city status in 1880 and was moved from Lancashire to the newly created county of Merseyside in 1974.
The economy of Liverpool is diversified and encompasses tourism, culture, maritime, hospitality, healthcare, life sciences, advanced manufacturing, creative, and digital sectors. The city is home to the UK's second highest number of art galleries, national museums, listed buildings, and parks and open spaces, with only London having more.
The name comes from the Old English lifer, meaning thick or muddy water, and pōl, meaning a pool or creek, and is first recorded around 1190 as Liuerpul. According to the Cambridge Dictionary of English Place-Names, The original reference was to a pool or tidal creek now filled up into which two streams drained. The place appearing as Leyrpole, in a legal record of 1418, may also refer to Liverpool. Other origins of the name have been suggested, including elverpool, a reference to the large number of eels in the Mersey. The adjective Liverpudlian was first recorded in 1833.
Although the Old English origin of the name Liverpool is beyond dispute, claims are sometimes made that the name Liverpool is of Welsh origin, but these are without foundation. The Welsh name for Liverpool is Lerpwl, from a former English local form Leerpool. This is a reduction of the form Leverpool with the loss of the intervocalic [v].
In the 19th century, some Welsh publications used the name Lle'r Pwll ((the) place (of) the pool), a reinterpretation of Lerpwl, probably in the belief that Lle'r Pwll was the original form.
All You Need Is Loveis a song by the English rock band the Beatles that was released as a non-album single in July 1967.
It was written by John Lennon and credited to the Lennon–McCartney partnership. The song was Britain's contribution to Our World, the first live global television link, for which the band were filmed performing it at EMI Studios in London on 25 June.
The programme was broadcast via satellite and seen by an audience of over 400 million in 25 countries. Lennon's
lyrics were deliberately simplistic, to allow for the show's
international audience, and captured the utopian ideals associated with
the Summer of Love. The single topped sales charts in
Britain, the United States and many other countries, and became an
anthem for the counterculture's embrace of flower power philosophy.
Our World coincided with the height of the Beatles' popularity and influence, following the release of their album Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band.
Rather than perform the song entirely live, the group played to a
pre-recorded backing track. With an orchestral arrangement by George
Martin, the song begins with a portion of the French national anthem and
ends with musical quotations from works such as Glenn Miller's In the Mood, Greensleeves, Bach's Invention No. 8 in F major, and the Beatles' 1963 hit She Loves You.
Adding to the broadcast's festive atmosphere, the studio was adorned
with signs and streamers and filled with guests dressed in psychedelic
attire, including members of the Rolling Stones, the Who and the Small
Faces. Brian Epstein, the Beatles' manager, described the performance as the band's finest moment.
All You Need Is Love was later included on the US Magical Mystery Tour album and served as the moral for the Beatles' 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine. Originally broadcast in black-and-white, the Our World performance was colourised for inclusion in the Beatles' 1995 Anthology documentary series.
While the song remains synonymous with the 1967 Summer of Love ethos and provided the foundation for Lennon's legacy as a humanitarian, numerous critics found the message naive in retrospect, particularly during the 1980s.
Since 2009, Global Beatles Day, an international celebration of the Beatles' music and social message, takes place on 25 June each year in tribute to their Our World performance.
In the decades following the record's release, Beatles
biographers and music journalists criticised the lyrics as naive and
simplistic and detected a smugness in the message; the song's musical
content was similarly dismissed as unimaginative.
Love, love, love Love, love, love Love, love, love
There's nothing you can do that can't be done (love) Nothing you can sing that can't be sung (love) Nothing you can say, but you can learn how to play the game (love)
It's easy
Nothing you can make that can't be made (love) No one you can save that can't be saved (love) Nothing you can do, but you can learn how to be you in time (love)
It's easy
All you need is love All you need is love All you need is love, love
Love is all you need
Love, love, love Love, love, love Love, love, love
Love is all you need
Nothing you can know that isn't known (love) Nothing you can see that isn't shown (love) There's nowhere you can be that isn't where you're meant to be, it's easy
Today, The Winsors have received the visit of the sibilings Sherlock and EnolaHolmes, and their friend DoctorWatson.
Together, they have solved the mystery of the disappearance of NúriaWinsor and the absence of Jordi Winsor. While the family thought they had lost Núria in the Thames, TheHolmeses have found her and Jordi at M&Ms in Leicester Square, London.
After finding Núria and Jordi, the family has been sharing some stories about Arthur ConanDoyle and his popular characters who practise the art of deduction; the connection between Scotland Yard and Mossosd'Esquadra; and the importance of the Order of the Knights of Saint John of Malta in Sant Boi.
M&M's (stylized as m&m's) are colour-varied sugar-coated dragée chocolate confectionery, each of which has the letter mprinted
in lower case in white on one side, consisting of a candy shell
surrounding a filling which varies depending upon the variety of M&M's.
The original candy has a semi-sweet chocolate filling which, upon introduction of other variations, was branded as the plain, normal variety. Peanut M&M's,
which feature a peanut coated in milk chocolate, and finally a candy
shell, were the first variation to be introduced, and they remain a
regular variety. Numerous other variations have been introduced, some of
which are regular widespread varieties (peanut butter, almond, pretzel,
crispy, dark chocolate, and caramel) while others are limited in
duration or geographic availability.
M&M's are the flagship product of the Mars Wrigley Confectionery division of Mars, Incorporated.
The candy originated in the United States in 1941, and M&M's have been sold in over 100 countries since 2003.
They are produced in different colours, some of which have changed over
the years. The candy-coated chocolate concept was copied by Forrest
Mars Sr. from Smarties, which he had encountered during the Spanish
Civil War (1936–1939).
The
sugar coating made it possible to carry chocolate in warm climates
without it melting. The company's longest-lasting slogan reflects this: the milk chocolate that melts in your mouth, not in your hand.
A traditional milk chocolate M&M weighs about 0.91 grams and has about 4.7 calories of food energy (1.7 kcal from fat). Despite common belief, each coloured M&M does not have a different flavor and all possess the same chocolate taste.
Forrest Mars Sr., son of the Mars Company founder, Frank C. Mars, copied the idea for the candy in the 1930s during the Spanish Civil War when he saw soldiers eating British-made Smarties,
chocolate pellets with a coloured shell of what confectioners call hard
panning (essentially hardened sugar syrup) surrounding the outside,
preventing the sweets (candies) from melting.
Mars received a patent for his own process on March 3, 1941. Production began in 1941 in a factory located at 285 Badger Avenue in Clinton Hill, Newark, New Jersey. When the company was founded it was M&M Limited.
The two Ms represent the names of Forrest E. Mars Sr., the founder of Newark Company, and Bruce Murrie,
son of Hershey Chocolate's president William F. R. Murrie, who had a 20
percent share in the product. The arrangement allowed the candies to be
made with Hershey chocolate, as Hershey had control of the rationed
chocolate at the time.
The
Nestle archives show that George Harris of Rowntree and Forrest Mars
Sr. agreed, after much negotiation, to share the marketplace rather than
compete, with Rowntree making Mars Bars in Canada, Erie and South Africa and with Mars making M&M's in America without competition from Smarties, and Rowntree did not attempt to sue Mars for stealing their concept.
The
company's first big customer was the U.S. Army, which saw the invention
as a way to allow soldiers to carry chocolate in tropical climates
without it melting. During World War II, the candies were exclusively
sold to the military. The resulting demand for the candies caused an
increase in production and the company moved its factory to bigger
quarters at 200 North 12th Street in Newark, New Jersey, where it
remained until 1958 when it moved to a bigger factory at Hackettstown. A
second factory was opened in Cleveland, Tennessee, in 1978.
Today, about half of the production of M&M's occurs at the New Jersey factory, and half at the Tennessee factory.
In 1949, the brand introduced the tagline The milk chocolate that melts in your mouth, not in your hand.
In 1950, a black M was imprinted on the candies giving them a unique trademark. It was changed to white in 1954.
In the early 1950s, the Midwest Research Institute (now MRIGlobal) in Kansas City, Missouri, worked on behalf of M&M's to perfect a process whereby 1,500 kg of chocolate centers could be coated every hour.
Peanut M&M's were introduced in 1954 but first appeared only in the colour tan.
In 1960, M&M's added the yellow, red, and green colours.
Over the years, marketing has helped build and expand the M&M's
brand. Computer-animated graphics, personification of the candies as
characters with cartoon-like storytelling, and various merchandising
techniques including the introduction of new flavors, colours and
customizable merchandise have helped to increase the brand's recognition
as a candy icon.
In 1982, the Mars candy bar company rejected the inclusion of M&M's in the new Steven Spielberg film E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial. However, competitor Hershey took a chance with their Reese's Pieces, which is similar to M&M's
but contains a peanut butter filling. With the film's blockbuster
success, Reese's Pieces sales dramatically increased, perhaps by as much
as 300%.
The original colours of M&M's candies were red, yellow, violet, green and brown. Violet was discontinued and replaced with tan in the late 1940s.
Today, The Winsors & TheGrandma have enjoyed sailing along the Thames.
They were very happy after recovering Mima Winsor, but it has been an accidental trip because Núria Winsor has disappeared after the boat had suffered a collision while it was trying to avoid a seagull.
Please, Núria. Swim as time as youresist. We are on the way!
Before this little accident, the family hasbeen studying some English Grammarpractising with Imperative, playing some games and explaining some interesting stories about the connexion between El Baix Llobregat and England thanks to the Industrial Revolution and the textile factories.
The ThamesRiver, known alternatively in parts as the River Isis, is a river that flows through southern England including London.
At 346 km, it is the longest river entirely in England and the second-longest in the United Kingdom, after the River Severn.
The river rises at Thames Head in Gloucestershire
and flows into the North Sea near Tilbury, Essex and Gravesend, Kent,
via the Thames Estuary. From the west it flows through Oxford (where it
is sometimes called the Isis), Reading, Henley-on-Thames and Windsor. The Thames also drains the whole of Greater London.
The
lower reaches of the river are called the Tideway, derived from its
long tidal reach up to Teddington Lock. Its tidal section includes most
of its London stretch and has a rise and fall of 7 m.
From Oxford to the estuary theThames drops by 55 metres. Running through some of the drier parts of mainland Britain and heavily abstracted for drinking water, the Thames'
discharge is low considering its length and breadth: the Severn has a
discharge almost twice as large on average despite having a smaller
drainage basin.
Along
its course are 45 navigation locks with accompanying weirs. Its
catchment area covers a large part of south-eastern and a small part of
western England; the river is fed by at least 50 named tributaries. The
river contains over 80 islands. With its waters varying from freshwater
to almost seawater, the Thames supports a variety of wildlife and has a
number of adjoining Sites of Special Scientific Interest, with the
largest being in the North Kent Marshes and covering 5,289 ha.
According to Mallory and Adams, the Thames, from Middle English Temese, is derived from the Brittonic name for the river, Tamesas (from *tamēssa), recorded in Latin as Tamesis and yielding modern Welsh Tafwys, Thames.
The Thames through Oxford is sometimes called the Isis.
Historically, and especially in Victorian times, gazetteers and
cartographers insisted that the entire river was correctly named the
Isis from its source down to Dorchester on Thames and that only from
this point, where the river meets the Thame and becomes the Thame-isis (supposedly subsequently abbreviated to Thames)should it be so called.
Marks of human activity, in some cases dating back to Pre-Roman Britain,
are visible at various points along the river. These include a variety
of structures connected with use of the river, such as navigations,
bridges and watermills, as well as prehistoric burial mounds.
The lower Thames
in the Roman era was a shallow waterway winding through marshes. But
centuries of human intervention have transformed it into a deep tidal
canal flowing between 200 miles of solid walls; these defend a
floodplain where 1.5 million people work and live.
A
major maritime route is formed for much of its length for shipping and
supplies: through the Port of London for international trade, internally
along its length and by its connection to the British canal system. The
river's position has put it at the centre of many events in British
history, leading to it being described by John Burns as liquid history.
Rowing and sailing clubs are common along the Thames,
which is navigable to such vessels. Kayaking and canoeing also take
place. Major annual events include the Henley Royal Regatta and the Boat
Race, while the Thames has been used during two Summer Olympic Games:
1908 (rowing) and 1948 (rowing and canoeing). Safe headwaters and
reaches are a summer venue for organised swimming, which is prohibited
on safety grounds in a stretch centred on Central London.
About 450,000 years ago, in the most extreme Ice Age of the Pleistocene,
the Anglian, the furthest southern extent of the ice sheet reached
Hornchurch in east London, the Vale of St Albans, and the Finchley Gap.
The Anglian ice advance resulted in a new course for the Thames
through Berkshire and on into London, after which the river rejoined
its original course in southern Essex, near the present River Blackwater
estuary. Here it entered a substantial freshwater lake in the southern
North Sea basin, south of what is called Doggerland. The overspill of
this lake caused the formation of the Channel River and later the Dover
Strait gap between present-day Britain and France. Subsequent
development led to the continuation of the course that the river follows
at the present day.
At the height of the last ice age, around 20,000 BC, Britain was connected to mainland Europe by a large expanse of land known as Doggerland in the southern North Sea Basin. At this time, the Thames'
course did not continue to Doggerland but flowed southwards from the
eastern Essex coast where it met the waters of the
proto-Rhine–Meuse–Scheldt delta flowing from what are now the
Netherlands and Belgium. These rivers formed a single river -the
Channel River (Fleuve Manche)- that passed through the Dover Strait and
drained into the Atlantic Ocean in the western English Channel.
Upon the valley sides of the Thames
and some of its tributaries can be seen other terraces of brickearth,
laid over and sometimes interlayered with the clays. These deposits were
brought in by the winds during the periglacial periods, suggesting that
wide, flat marshes were then part of the landscape, which the new
rivers proceeded to cut into. The steepness of some valley sides
indicates very much lower mean sea levels caused by the glaciation
locking up so much water upon the land masses, thus causing the river
water to flow rapidly seaward and so erode its bed quickly downwards.
The
original land surface was around 110 to 120 m above the current
sea-level. The surface had sandy deposits from an ancient sea, laid over
sedimentary clay (this is the blue London Clay). All the erosion down
from this higher land surface, and the sorting action by these changes
of water flow and direction, formed what is known as the Thames River Gravel Terraces.
Since Roman times
and perhaps earlier, the isostatic rebound from the weight of previous
ice sheets, and its interplay with the eustatic change in sea level,
have resulted in the old valley of the River Brent, together with that
of the Thames,silting up again. Thus, along much of the
Brent's present-day course, one can make out the water-meadows of rich
alluvium, which is augmented by frequent floods.
.jpg)
.jpg)
.jpg)