GUESS WHO? SEARCHING THE TRUE IDENTITY SINCE 1979

Today, The Grandma has been reading about Guess Who?, one of the most popular party games.

Guess Who? is a two-player board game where players each guess the identity of the other's chosen character.

The game was developed by Israeli game inventors Ora and Theo Coster, also known as Theora Design, and first manufactured by Milton Bradley in 1979. It is now owned by Hasbro. The game was first brought to the UK by Jack Barr Sr. in 1982. The classic edition is currently being produced by Winning Moves Games USA.

Each player starts the game with a board that includes cartoon images of 24 people and their first names with all the images standing up. Each player selects a card of their choice from a separate pile of cards containing the same 24 images.

The objective of the game is to be the first to determine which card one's opponent has selected. Players alternate asking various yes or no questions to eliminate candidates, such as:

-Does your person wear a hat?

-Does your person wear glasses?

-Is your person a man?

The player will then eliminate candidates (based on the opponent's response) by flipping those images down until only one is left. Well-crafted questions allow players to eliminate one or more possible cards.

More information: Gamesver

Special editions which have different faces have been released, including Star Wars, Marvel Comics and Disney. There are smaller, travel editions that have only 20 different faces. 

In 2008 and 2010, extra and mix and match games were released.  computer game based on the series was released in 1999 by Hasbro Interactive.

Popular belief is that a binary search is the most efficient approach to the game, where each question halves the number of possible identities. 

This can be applied by asking complex questions -such as Does your character have red hair, or glasses, or a big nose?- where a yes or a no eliminates exactly half of the remaining characters. Such a strategy takes only four questions to reduce the field to three people, giving the fifth question a 50/50 chance of identifying the opponent's character.

The game was strongly solved by Mihai Nica in 2016. Nica's research found that while a player was ahead their optimal strategy was a binary search, and when behind they should instead make bold plays that had a chance of narrowing things down significantly, in order to pull ahead of the other player. Using this method, the first player has a 63% chance of winning under optimal play by both sides.

More information: ESL Kids Games

Games shouldn't only be fun.
They should teach or spark an interest in other things.

Hideo Kojima

SCATTERGORIES, THE CREATIVE-THINKING PARTY GAME

Today, The Grandma has been reading about Scattergories, one of the most popular party games.

Scattergories is a creative-thinking category-based party game originally published by Parker Brothers in 1988.

Parker Brothers was purchased by Hasbro a few years later, which published the game internationally under its Milton Bradley brand. 

The objective of the 2-to-6-player game is to score points by uniquely naming objects within a set of categories, given an initial letter, within a time limit. The game is based on a traditional game called Categories.

More information: Icebreaker Ideas

The game is played in sets of 3 rounds.

-Each player takes a folder with an answering pad and 3 category cards. Each sheet in the answering pad has three columns of 12 blank lines. In addition, the category cards have 4 lists, each with 12 unique categories, for a total of 144 categories in the game. In new versions of the game, each card has 2 lists of 12 unique categories, for a total of 16 lists and 192 categories. All players must agree on the list to use.

-One player rolls a 20-sided letter die to determine the first letter used. The timer is set for up to three minutes.

-One player starts the timer. In the time allotted, each player must attempt to think of and write down, in the first column on the pad, a word or term that fits each of the 12 categories and starts with the rolled letter. Any number of words in the answer is allowed, as long as the first word starts with the correct letter. For example, with a category of vegetable and a letter of C, words such as cauliflower, carrot and collard greens are acceptable, but broccoli is not (wrong initial letter), nor is citrus (wrong category). Alliteration is encouraged with proper nouns in one game variation; Ronald Reagan is worth 2 points, and Hubert Horatio Humphrey is worth 3.

-Writing a bad answer is still better than no answer though because there is always the possibility that the group playing will accept the answer. For example, citrus is vegetable in the sense referring to the entire plant kingdom, i.e. neither animal nor mineral.

-All players stop writing when the timer is finished. Following the list, each player, in turn, reads their answer for each category. Players score zero points for an answer that duplicates another answer in that round, and one point for an answer no other player has given. You cannot have more than one answer on a line for each number. Acceptable answers that are proper nouns using alliteration score one point for each word using the letter.

-If for some reason a player thinks someone's answer does not fit the category (for instance, knuckle for the category types of sandwich) a player may challenge that answer. When challenged, all players vote on the validity of that answer. If the vote is a tie, the vote of the player who is being challenged is thrown out.

-The die is rolled again (and re-rolled if the same letter as the previous round is duplicated), and the second round starts.

-In the case of proper nouns, all parts of the answer will be counted as adequate provided one begins with the letter in play. For example, in the case of U.S. Presidents using the letter S, an acceptable answer would be Harry S. Truman, as his middle name is the letter S. Martin Sheen, however, was never a U.S. President, and therefore is not a valid answer, rewarding zero points. Note: This rule does not apply to book titles, such as The Old Man and the Sea.

-In the case of general categories, broad interpretation is allowed for fun and creative game play. For example, in the case of things commonly found in the kitchen that start with the letter K, both knife (a kitchen tool) and kelp (a type of food that is commonly cooked in kitchens around the world) are acceptable answers.

Scattergories was released to the iTunes App Store in 2015. The game was developed by Magmic and licensed through Hasbro.

More information: Scattergories Online

Playing games can contribute to making you happy,
perhaps even without therapy.

Gyles Brandreth

SIMON, REPEAT THE SEQUENCES & ACTIVE YOUR MEMORY

Today, The Grandma has been playing with one of her favourite games, Simon, an old entertainment that helps her to keep her memory alive.

Simon is an electronic game of memory skill invented by Ralph H. Baer and Howard J. Morrison, working for toy design firm Marvin Glass and Associates, with software programming by Lenny Cope.

The device creates a series of tones and lights and requires a user to repeat the sequence. If the user succeeds, the series becomes progressively longer and more complex. Once the user fails or the time limit runs out, the game is over.

The original version was manufactured and distributed by Milton Bradley and later by Hasbro after it took over Milton Bradley.

Much of the assembly language code was written by Charles Kapps, who taught computer science at Temple University and also wrote one of the first books on the theory of computer programming.

Simon was launched in 1978 at Studio 54 in New York City and was an immediate success, becoming a pop culture symbol of the 1970s and 1980s.

Ralph H. Baer and Howard J. Morrison were introduced to Atari's arcade game Touch Me at the Music Operators of America (MOA) trade show in 1976. Baer said of the product, Nice gameplay. Terrible execution. Visually boring. Miserable, rasping sounds.

The prototype built by Baer used the low-cost Texas Instruments TMS 1000 microcontroller chip, which was in many games of the 1970s.

Lenny Cope, who was one of Ralph H. Baer's partners, programmed the core of the game, titled Follow Me at the time.

Baer developed the tones of the game, inspired by the notes of a bugle. When they pitched the demo, an 8-by-8-inch console, to the Milton Bradley Company the name of the game was changed to Simon.

Simon debuted in 1978 at a retail price of $24.95 (equivalent to $99 in 2020) and became one of the top-selling toys that Christmas.

U.S. Patent 4,207,087: Microcomputer controlled game, was granted in 1980. Milton Bradley soon capitalized on the original with both the smaller-sized Pocket Simon and the expanded, eight-button Super Simon.

More information: Hasbro

Many variants of Simon have been made since Hasbro acquired Milton Bradley in the 1980s, building on the possibilities offered by advances in technology.

The original Super Simon was reinvented in the late 1990s as a hexagonal unit with six buttons. 2000 saw Simon Squared or Simon 2, a unit with the four traditional buttons on one side, and a set of eight smaller buttons on the other.

In 2004, Hasbro released the Simon Stix. The game features two electronic sticks, modelled after drumsticks, an emphasis on the musical part of the game, and features four levels of play.

In 2005, Hasbro released Simon Trickster,  also known as Simon Tricks in Europe and in the UK, and as Simon Genius in Brazil, which features four game modes, similarly to another Hasbro game, Bop It, and coloured lenses instead of buttons.

Simon Classic mode plays up to 35 tones (notes).

Simon Bounce is similar to Simon Classic, but instead the colours of the lenses change.

Simon Surprise is one of the most difficult games in the unit. Every lens becomes the same colour and the player has to memorize the location.

Simon Rewind requires the player to memorize the sequence backwards. During each game, the player is paid a compliment after a certain number of tones is completed. On reaching five and eleven tones, the computer will randomly choose Awesome!, Nice!, Sweet! or Respect!.

On reaching 18 tones, the game will play a victory melody three times.

On reaching the ultimate 35 tones, the game will play the victory melody again and will say Respect!. If the player fails to memorize the pattern or fails to press the right colour within the time limit, the game will play a crashing sound and the game will say Later!.

In 2011, Hasbro introduced Simon Flash. In this version, the game is played with four cube-shaped electronic modules that the player must move around depending on the game mode.

In 2013, Hasbro reinvented Simon once again with Simon Swipe. The game was demonstrated at the New York Toy Fair 2014 and released that summer.

The game is a circular unit that looks like a steering wheel. It has been extended from four buttons to eight touchscreen buttons, which are flattened out on the unit.

The game features four game modes, called Levels (the main game), Classic, Party and Extreme. The player has to go through all sixteen levels to beat the game. Classic, Party and Extreme levels focus on one pattern getting longer and longer until the player is out.

A smaller version of the game, called Simon Micro Series, was introduced in the fall of 2014. This version has only two game modes called Solo and Pass It and features 14 levels and four buttons. There is also a version of Simon created by Basic Fun known as the Touch Simon. This version has an LCD screen and plays melodies at specific parts of the game.

More information: Memo Zor

In 2016, Hasbro launched the follow-up to Simon Swipe with Simon Air. The game was announced at a Hasbro press conference before the 2016 New York Toy Fair. This version of Simon uses motion sensors, similar to those in Mattel's Loopz line of games. The game has three game modes: Solo, Classic and Multiplayer.

A button-pressing version of Simon was also released in the US, with an aesthetic recalling that of the 1970s and 1980s models. Recently, Hasbro has released Simon Optix, a headset game with a motion sensor technology similar to Simon Air.

The device has four coloured buttons, each producing a particular tone when it is pressed or activated by the device.

A round in the game consists of the device lighting up one or more buttons in a random order, after which the player must reproduce that order by pressing the buttons. As the game progresses, the number of buttons to be pressed increases.

Simon is named after the simple children's game of Simon Says, but the gameplay is based on Atari's unpopular Touch Me arcade game from 1974. Simon differs from Touch Me in that the Touch Me buttons were all the same colour, black, and the sounds it produced were harsh and grating.

Simon's tones, on the other hand, were designed to always be harmonic, no matter the sequence, and consisted of an A major triad in second inversion, resembling a trumpet fanfare:

-E-note (blue, lower right);

-C♯-note (yellow, lower left);

-A-note (red, upper right).

-E-note (green, upper left, an octave lower than blue)

More information: Mental Floss

Simon was later re-released by Milton Bradley -now owned by Hasbro- in its original circular form, though with a translucent case rather than plain black. It was also sold as a two-sided Simon Squared version, with the reverse side having eight buttons for head-to-head play, and as a keychain with simplified gameplay. Other variations of the original game, no longer produced, include Pocket Simon and the eight-button Super Simon, both from 1980. Nelsonic released an official wristwatch version of Simon.

Later versions of the game included a pocket version of the original game in a smaller, yellow, oval-shaped case. Another iteration, Simon Trickster, plays the original game as well as variations in which the colours shift around from button to button (Simon Bounce), the buttons have no colours at all (Simon Surprise) and the player must repeat the sequence backwards (Simon Rewind). A pocket version of Simon Trickster was also produced.

In the 2014 version of Simon called Simon Swipe, the notes are as follows:

-G-note (blue, lower right);

-C-note (yellow, lower left);

-E-note (red, upper right).

-G-note (green, upper left, an octave higher than blue)

The swiping sounds are presented with sliding between notes. The bigger the slide, the bigger the swipe will be. The exact notes and sound effects were also used for a smaller version called Simon Micro Series. The sounds were then recreated for Simon Air and Simon Optix.

More information: Free Simon

 When you want to win a game, you have to teach.
When you lose a game, you have to learn.

Tom Landry