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| French Revolution |
Today, The Watsons and The Grandma have continued with their English for Sales classes.
They have reviewing Countable & Uncountable, they have worked with Much, Many and A lot of and they have edited invoices and travel lists.
The family has decided to flight to Paris to spend some hours with French people commemorating the 231st anniversary of the French Revolution.
The Grandma has given them some French guides to know better this interesting country and she has been talking about the Fête de la Fédération, a massive holiday festival that held throughout France in 1790 in honour of the French Revolution.
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More information: Much, Many, A lot of
The Fête de la Fédération was a massive holiday festival held throughout France in 1790 in honour of the French Revolution.
It is the precursor of the Bastille Day which is celebrated every year in France on 14 July, celebrating the Revolution itself, as well as National Unity.
It commemorated the revolution and events of 1789 which had culminated in a new form of national government, a constitutional monarchy led by a representative Assembly.
The inaugural fête of 1790 was st for July 14th, so it would also coincide with the first anniversary of the storming of the Bastille although that is not what was itself celebrated. At this relatively calm stage of the Revolution, many people considered the country's period of political struggle to be over.
This thinking was encouraged by counter-revolutionary monarchiens, and the first fête was designed with a role for King Louis XVI that would respect and maintain his royal status. The occasion passed peacefully and provided a powerful, but illusory, image of celebrating national unity after the divisive events of 1789–1790.
After the initial
revolutionary events of 1789, France's ancien régime had shifted into a
new paradigm of constitutional monarchy. By the end of that year,
towns and villages throughout the country had begun to join together as
fédérations, fraternal associations which commemorated and promoted the
new political structure. A common theme among them was a wish for a
nationwide expression of unity, a fête to honour the Revolution.
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| King Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette |
Plans were set for simultaneous celebrations in July 1790 all over the nation, but the fête in Paris would be the most prominent by far.
It would feature the King, the royal family, and all the deputies of the National Constituent Assembly, with thousands of other citizens predicted to arrive from all corners of France.
The event took place on the Champ de Mars, which was at the time far outside Paris. The vast stadium had been financed by the National Assembly, and completed in time only with the help of thousands of volunteer laborers from the Paris region.
During these journée des brouettes, the festival workers popularised a new song that would become an enduring anthem of France, Ah! ça ira.
Enormous earthen stands for spectators were built on each side of the field, with a seating capacity estimated at 100,000. The Seine was crossed by a bridge of boats leading to an altar where oaths were to be sworn. The new military school was used to harbour members of the National Assembly and their families. At one end of the field, a huge tent was the king's step, and at the other end, a triumphal arch was built. At the centre of the field was an altar for the mass.
The feast began as early as four in the morning, under a strong rain which would last the whole day, the Journal de Paris had predicted frequent downpours.
Fourteen thousand fédérés came from the province, every single National Guard unit having sent two men out of every hundred. They were ranged under eighty-three banners, according to their département. They were brought to the place where the Bastille once stood, and went through Saint-Antoine, Saint-Denis and Saint-Honoré streets before crossing the temporary bridge and arriving at the Champ de Mars.
More information: Paris 18th Century-Revolution & Social Changes
At this time, the first French Constitution was not yet completed, and it would not be officially ratified until September 1791. But the gist of it was understood by everyone, and no one was willing to wait.
Afterwards, Louis XVI took a similar vow: I, King of the French, swear to use the power given to me by the constitutional act of the State, to maintain the Constitution as decreed by the National Assembly and accepted by myself.
The title King of the French, used here for the first time instead of King of France and Navarre, was an innovation intended to inaugurate a popular monarchy which linked the monarch's title to the people rather than the territory of France. The Queen Marie Antoinette then rose and showed the Dauphin, future Louis XVII, saying: This is my son, who, like me, joins in the same sentiments.
The festival organisers welcomed delegations from countries around the world, including the recently established United States. John Paul Jones, Thomas Paine and other Americans unfurled their Stars and Stripes at the Champ de Mars, the first instance of the flag being flown outside of the United States.
After the end of the official celebration, the day ended in a huge popular feast. It was also a symbol of the reunification of the Three Estates, after the heated Estates-General of 1789, with the Bishop (First Estate) and the King (Second Estate) blessing the people (Third Estate).
In the gardens of the Château de La Muette, a meal was offered to more than 20,000 participants, followed by much singing, dancing, and drinking. The feast ended on the 18 July.
More information: The Jones cries Liberty, equality, fraternity
Liberté, égalité, fraternité.
Liberty, equality, fraternity.
