DARIO FO, THE ITALIAN ILLEGITIMATE FORMS OF THEATRE

Today, The Grandma has been reading some works written by Dario Fo, the Italian playwright and actor, who died on a day like today in 2016.

Dario Luigi Angelo Fo (24 March 1926-13 October 2016) was an Italian playwright, actor, theatre director, stage designer, songwriter, political campaigner for the Italian left wing and the recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Literature.

In his time he was arguably the most widely performed contemporary playwright in world theatre. Much of his dramatic work depends on improvisation and comprises the recovery of illegitimate forms of theatre, such as those performed by giullari (medieval strolling players) and, more famously, the ancient Italian style of commedia dell'arte.

His plays have been translated into 30 languages and performed across the world, including in Argentina, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, India, Iran, the Netherlands, Poland, Romania, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sri Lanka, Sweden, the United Kingdom, the United States, and Yugoslavia. His work of the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s is peppered with criticisms of assassinations, corruption, organised crime, racism, Roman Catholic theology, and war.

Throughout the 1990s and 2000s, he took to lampooning Forza Italia and its leader Silvio Berlusconi, while his targets of the 2010s included the banks amid the European sovereign-debt crisis. Also in the 2010s, he became the main ideologue of the Five Star Movement, the anti-establishment party led by Beppe Grillo, often referred to by its members as the Master.

Fo's solo pièce célèbre, titled Mistero Buffo and performed across Europe, Asia, Canada and Latin America over a 30-year period, is recognised as one of the most controversial and popular spectacles in postwar European theatre and has been denounced by Cardinal Ugo Poletti, Cardinal Vicar for the Diocese of Rome, as the most blasphemous show in the history of television. The title of the original English translation of Non Si Paga! Non Si Paga! has passed into the English language, and the play is described as capturing something universal in actions and reactions of the working class.

His receipt of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Literature marked the international acknowledgment of Fo as a major figure in twentieth-century world theatre. The Swedish Academy praised Fo as a writer who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden. He owned and operated a theatre company. Fo was an atheist.

An eldest child, Fo was born at Leggiuno, Sangiano, in Lombardy's Province of Varese, near the eastern shore of Lake Maggiore.

He considered his artistic influences to include Beolco, Brecht, Chekhov, De Filippo, Gramsci, Mayakovsky, Molière, Shaw and Strehler.

On 13 October 2016 Fo died at the age of 90 due to a serious respiratory disease which had previously forced him to recover for 12 days in the Luigi Sacco hospital in Milan.

More information: Bomb Magazine

I am the jongleur.
I leap and pirouette, and make you laugh.
I make fun of those in power,
and I show you how puffed up
and conceited are the big shots
who go around making wars
in which we are the ones who get slaughtered.
I reveal them for what they are.
I pull out the plug, and... pssss... they deflate.

Dario Fo