Yesterday, The Morgans and The Grandma were evoking the past, remembering good times and great friends, and looking back is always thinking about yesterday.
Today, they all have continued studying English grammar with PastSimple(Regular Verbs), Used to and So/Such.
It has been an intense session for a family that continues working on the birthdaycelebration party of Cristina Morgan and Vanessa Morgan next week in Kingston, Jamaica.
Happy birthday, sisters!
Yesterday is a song by the English rock band the Beatles, written by Paul McCartney and credited to Lennon-McCartney. It was first released on the album Help! in August 1965,
except in the United States, where it was issued as a single in
September. The song reached number one on the US Billboard Hot 100
chart. It subsequently appeared on the UK EP Yesterday in March 1966 and
made its US album debut on Yesterday and Today, in June 1966.
Yesterday is a melancholic ballad about the break-up of a relationship.The singer nostalgically laments for yesterday when he and his love were together before she left because of something he said.
McCartney is the only member of the Beatles to appear on the track. The final recording was so different from other works by the Beatles
that the band members vetoed the song's release as a single in the
United Kingdom. However, other artists quickly recorded versions of it
for single release. The Beatles'recording was issued in the U.K. as a single in 1976 and peaked at number 8 on the UK Singles Chart.
Yesterday All my troubles seemed so far away Now it looks as though they're here to stay Oh, I believe in yesterday
Suddenly I'm not half the man I used to be There's a shadow hanging over me Oh, yesterday came suddenly
Why she had to go? I don't know She wouldn't say I said something wrong, now I long For yesterday
Yesterday Love was such an easy game to play Now I need a place to hide away Oh, I believe in yesterday
Why she had to go? I don't know She wouldn't say I said something wrong, now I long For yesterday
Yesterday Love was such an easy game to play Now I need a place to hide away Oh, I believe in yesterday
Today, The Weasleys & The Grandma
havedecided to read about the world'soldest underground railway, the MetropolitanRailway,thatopenedbetween Paddington and Farringdon in1863.
Before, They have practised So/Such andTo Be Present Question Tags.
The Metropolitan Railway (also known as the Met) was a passenger and goodsrailway that servedLondon from 1863 to 1933, its main line heading north-west from the capital's financial heart in the City to what were to become the Middlesex suburbs. Its first line connected the main-line railway termini at Paddington, Euston, and King's Cross to the City.
The first section was built beneath the New Road using cut-and-cover between Paddington and King's Cross and in tunnel and cuttings beside FarringdonRoad from King'sCross to near Smithfield,
near the City. It opened to the public on 10 January 1863 with gas-lit
wooden carriages hauled by steam locomotives, the world's first
passenger-carrying designated underground railway.
The line was soon extended from both ends, and northwards via a branch from Baker Street. Southern branches, directly served, reached Hammersmith in 1864, Richmond in 1877 and the original completed the Inner Circle in 1884.
The most important route was northwest into the Middlesex countryside, stimulating the development of new suburbs. Harrow
was reached in 1880, and from 1897, having achieved the early patronage
of the Duke of Buckingham and the owners of Waddesdon Manor, services
extended for many years to VerneyJunction in Buckinghamshire.
Electric
traction was introduced in 1905 and by 1907 electric multiple units
operated most of the services, though electrification of outlying
sections did not occur until decades later. Unlike other railway
companies in the London area, the Met developed land for housing, and
after World War I promoted housing estates near the railway using the Metro-land brand.
On
1 July 1933, the Met was amalgamated with the Underground Electric Railways Company of London and the capital's tramway and bus operators
to form the London Passenger Transport Board.
Former Met tracks and stations are used by the London Underground's Metropolitan, Circle, District, Hammersmith & City, Piccadilly, Jubilee and Victoria lines, and by Chiltern Railways and Great Northern.
In
the first half of the 19th century the population and physical extent of
London grew greatly. The increasing resident population and the
development of a commuting population arriving by train each day led to a
high level of traffic congestion with huge numbers of carts, cabs, and
omnibuses filling the roads and up to 200,000 people entering the City
of London, the commercial heart, each day on foot.
By
1850 there were seven railway termini around the urban centre of
London: London Bridge and Waterloo to the south, Shoreditch and
Fenchurch Street to the east, Euston and King's Cross to the north, and
Paddington to the west. Only Fenchurch Street station was within the
City.
The congested streets and the
distance to the City from the stations to the north and west prompted
many attempts to get parliamentary approval to build new railway lines
into the City. None were successful, and the 1846 Royal Commission
investigation into Metropolitan Railway Termini banned construction of
new lines or stations in the built-up central area.
The concept of an underground railway linking the City
with the mainline termini was first proposed in the 1830s. Charles
Pearson, Solicitor to the City, was a leading promoter of several
schemes and in 1846 proposed a central railway station to be used by
multiple railway companies.
The scheme was rejected by the 1846 commission, but Pearson returned to the idea in 1852 when he helped set up the City Terminus Company to build a railway from Farringdon to King'sCross.
The plan was supported by the City, but the railway companies were not interested and the company struggled to proceed.
The
Bayswater, Paddington, and Holborn Bridge Railway Company was
established to connect the Great Western Railway's (GWR's) Paddington
station to Pearson's route at King's Cross. A bill was published in
November 1852 and in January 1853 the directors held their first meeting
and appointed John Fowler as its engineer.
After
successful lobbying, the company secured parliamentary approval under
the name of the North Metropolitan Railway in mid-1853. The bill
submitted by the City Terminus Company was rejected by Parliament, which
meant that the North Metropolitan Railway would not be able to reach
the City: to overcome this obstacle, the company took over the City
Terminus Company and submitted a new bill in November 1853. This dropped
the City terminus and extended the route south from Farringdon to the
General Post Office in St.Martin's Le Grand.
The route at the western end was
also altered so that it connected more directly to the GWR station.
Permission was sought to connect to the London and North Western Railway
(LNWR) at Euston and to the Great Northern Railway (GNR) at King's
Cross, the latter by hoists and lifts. The company's name was also to be
changed again, to Metropolitan Railway. Royal assent was granted to the
North Metropolitan Railway Act on 7 August 1854.
Construction of the railway was
estimated to cost £1 million. Initially, with the Crimean War under way,
the Met found it hard to raise the capital. While it attempted to raise
the funds it presented new bills to Parliament seeking an extension of
time to carry out the works.
In July 1855, an Act to make a direct connection to the GNR at King's Cross received royal assent. The plan was modified in 1856 by the Metropolitan (Great Northern Branch and Amendment) Act and in 1860 by the Great Northern & Metropolitan Junction Railway Act.
Board
of Trade inspections took place in late December 1862 and early January
1863 to approve the railway for opening. After minor signalling changes
were made, approval was granted and a few days of operating trials were
carried out before the grand opening on 9 January 1863, which included a
ceremonial run from Paddington and a large banquet for 600 shareholders and guests at Farringdon. Charles Pearson did not live to see the completion of the project; he died in September 1862.
The 6 km railway opened to the public on 10 January 1863, with stations at Paddington (Bishop's Road) (now Paddington), Edgware Road, Baker Street, Portland Road (now Great Portland Street), Gower Street (now Euston Square), King's Cross (now King's Cross St Pancras), and Farringdon Street (now Farringdon).
The railway was hailed a success, carrying 38,000 passengers on the opening day, using GNR
trains to supplement the service. In the first 12 months 9.5 million
passengers were carried and in the second 12 months this increased to 12
million.
The
original timetable allowed 18 minutes for the journey. Off-peak service
frequency was every 15 minutes, increased to ten minutes during the
morning peak and reduced 20 minutes in the early mornings and after 8
pm. From May 1864, workmen's returns were offered on the 5:30 am and
5:40 am services from Paddington at the cost of a single ticket.
I just like being on my own on trains, traveling. I spent all my pocket money travelling the London Underground and Southern Railway, what used to be the Western region, and in Europe as much as I could afford it. My parents used to think I was going places, but I wasn't, I was just travelling the trains.
The story of the Phantom of the Opera was originally published in a series of articles in La Galois and then in a book in 1911 entitled, Le Fantôme de l’Opérawritten by a French journalist, Gastón Leroux.
When the story was first published it was not popular and the book went out of print.
Leroux
whose speciality was investigative journalism based his story on
true-life incidents. In fact, many who have researched this subject
believe with just a few exceptions the story has several elements that
are true.
The opera house in the story was based on the real Opera Garnier in Paris. The Opera Garnier does have underground tunnels and it also has an underground lake. Leroux used this setting in several dramatic scenes in his story.
There was an incident where a chandelier did fall in the Opera Garnier setting the building on fire and killing a woman.
Leroux used a falling chandelier in his story as a distraction so his Phantom could kidnap Christine.
The romance between the Phantom and Christine in the story is just fantasy but it is believed that Leroux based both characters on real people.
The Phantom is based upon a man named Erik who was born in a small village in Normandy, near Rouen. He was born with a horribly disfigured face so his parents abandoned him when he was eight. A circus basically took him and for 7 years he was used as an attraction.
It was believed that someone was secretly living in the opera house and many felt it was the ghost of the real Erik. In fact, many claimed that near Box 5 they heard ghostly voices and whispers when the area was unoccupied.
There
were other witnesses that stated that they saw this phantom running
through various parts of the opera house. Even more eerie these
witnesses stated this figure wore a black cape and a mask over its face.
Renata de Waele in 1993 wrote a narrative that compared the fictional to the real stories. She worked in public relations at the Opera Garnier for many years.
Some
of her speculations have been proven others have not. So reality is
blurred with fiction which leaves the curious with an intriguing
mystery.
This morning, The Jones have left Hogwarts after spending some unforgettable days in this fantastic School of Witchcraft and Wizardry enjoying the company of wizards and students and discovering hundreds of spells and potions. They haven't got any photos because, as you know, Hogwarts is a fantastic place and what happens there can't be seen in the Muggles' world. The family has gone to Glasgow to spend some days in this incredible city and the first activity has been revising some English Grammar: Present Continuous and So/Such. Later, The Jones have been talking about what to do in Paris, their next trip, where to stay and how much to spend before talking about some of the most spectacular works of The MNAC, the most important world museum of Romanic Art, located in Barcelona. This evening, the family is visiting to The National Theatre of Scotland in Glasgow to learn the history of the bagpipe and its importance in the Scottish culture. They have been invited to assist to a bagpipes concert, too.
Bagpipes are a woodwind instrument using enclosed reeds fed from a constant reservoir of air in the form of a bag. Though the Scottish Great Highland bagpipes are the best known in the Anglophone world, bagpipes have been played for a millennium or more throughout large parts of Europe, northern Africa, and western Asia, including Turkey, the Caucasus, and around the Persian Gulf. The term bagpipe is equally correct in the singular or plural, though pipers usually refer to the bagpipes as the pipes, a set of pipes or a stand of pipes.
A set of bagpipes minimally consists of an air supply, a bag, a chanter, and usually at least one drone. Many bagpipes have more than one drone and, sometimes, more than one chanter in various combinations, held in place in stocks -sockets that fasten the various pipes to the bag.
Three Scottish Bagpipers
The evidence for pre-Roman era bagpipes is still uncertain but several textual and visual clues have been suggested. The Oxford History of Music says that a sculpture of bagpipes has been found on a Hittite slab at Euyuk in the Middle East, dated to 1000 BC. Several authors identify the ancient Greek askaulos, ἀσκός askos -wine-skin, αὐλός aulos- reed pipe, with the bagpipe. In the 2nd century AD, Suetonius described the Roman emperor Nero as a player of the tibia utricularis. Dio Chrysostom wrote in the 1st century of a contemporary sovereign, possibly Nero, who could play a pipe, tibia, Roman reedpipes similar to Greek and Etruscan instruments, with his mouth as well as by tucking a bladder beneath his armpit. The first clear reference to the use of the Scottish Highland bagpipes is from a French history, which mentions their use at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh in 1547. George Buchanan (1506–82) claimed that they had replaced the trumpet on the battlefield. This period saw the creation of the ceòl mór, great music, of the bagpipe, which reflected its martial origins, with battle-tunes, marches, gatherings, salutes and laments. The Highlands of the early seventeenth century saw the development of piping families including the MacCrimmonds, MacArthurs, MacGregors and the Mackays of Gairloch.
During the expansion of the British Empire, spearheaded by British military forces that included Highland regiments, the Scottish Great Highland bagpipe became well-known worldwide. This surge in popularity was boosted by large numbers of pipers trained for military service in World War I and World War II. The surge coincided with a decline in the popularity of many traditional forms of bagpipe throughout Europe, which began to be displaced by instruments from the classical tradition and later by gramophone and radio. In the United Kingdom and Commonwealth Nations such as Canada, New Zealand and Australia the Great Highland bagpipe is commonly used in the military and is often played in formal ceremonies. Foreign militaries patterned after the British Army have also taken the Highland bagpipe into use including Uganda, Sudan, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Jordan, and Oman. Many police and fire services in Scotland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Hong Kong, and the United States have also adopted the tradition of fielding pipe bands.
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